# A Novel Driver Distraction Behavior Detection Method Based on Self-supervised Learning with Masked Image Modeling

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00543 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00543/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 70 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14030/) (2021)
- [Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06377/) (2021)
- [Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02391/) (2016)
- [mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.09412/) (2017)
- [CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong Classifiers with Localizable Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.04899/) (2019)
- [BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.08254/) (2021)
- [SimMIM: A Simple Framework for Masked Image Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.09886/) (2021)
- [Self-supervised Learning: Generative or Contrastive](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.08218/) (2020)
- [A Survey on Visual Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12556/) (2020)
- [Masked Feature Prediction for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.09133/) (2021)
- [Context Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.03026/) (2022)
- [Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles: Survey of Surveys](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17220/) (2023)
- [Human-Like Decision Making for Autonomous Driving: A Noncooperative Game Theoretic Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11064/) (2020)
- [Using Graph-Theoretic Machine Learning to Predict Human Driver Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.02964/) (2021)
- [Toward Extremely Lightweight Distracted Driver Recognition With Distillation-Based Neural Architecture Search and Knowledge Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.04527/) (2023)
- [Estimation of Driver's Gaze Region from Head Position and Orientation using Probabilistic Confidence Regions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12754/) (2020)
- [Drive-Net: Convolutional Network for Driver Distraction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.12586/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Enhancing Cross-Dataset Performance of Distracted Driving Detection With Score Softmax Classifier And Dynamic Gaussian Smoothing Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.05202/) (2023)
- [Multi-modal Video Representation Alignment for Robust Self-supervised Driver Distraction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.02352/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Driver distraction causes a significant number of traffic accidents every year, resulting in economic losses and casualties. Currently, the level of automation in commercial vehicles is far from completely unmanned, and drivers still play an important role in operating and controlling the vehicle. Therefore, driver distraction behavior detection is crucial for road safety. At present, driver distraction detection primarily relies on traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) and supervised learning methods. However, there are still challenges such as the high cost of labeled datasets, limited ability to capture high-level semantic information, and weak generalization performance. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new self-supervised learning method based on masked image modeling for driver distraction behavior detection. Firstly, a self-supervised learning framework for masked image modeling (MIM) is introduced to solve the serious human and material consumption issues caused by dataset labeling. Secondly, the Swin Transformer is employed as an encoder. Performance is enhanced by reconfiguring the Swin Transformer block and adjusting the distribution of the number of window multi-head self-attention (W-MSA) and shifted window multi-head self-attention (SW-MSA) detection heads across all stages, which leads to model more lightening. Finally, various data augmentation strategies are used along with the best random masking strategy to strengthen the model's recognition and generalization ability. Test results on a large-scale driver distraction behavior dataset show that the self-supervised learning method proposed in this paper achieves an accuracy of 99.60%, approximating the excellent performance of advanced supervised learning methods. Our code is publicly available at github.com/Rocky1salady-killer/SL-DDBD.