# Insights from the Design Space Exploration of Flow-Guided Nanoscale Localization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18493 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18493/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 14 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 May 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.05703/) (2019)
- [Toward Location-aware In-body Terahertz Nanonetworks with Energy Harvesting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01952/) (2021)
- [Toward Standardized Performance Evaluation of Flow-guided Nanoscale Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.07804/) (2023)
- [In-body Bionanosensor Localization for Anomaly Detection via Inertial Positioning and THz Backscattering Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.13747/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Graph Neural Networks as an Enabler of Terahertz-based Flow-guided Nanoscale Localization over Highly Erroneous Raw Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05551/) (2023)
- [Analytical Modelling of Raw Data for Flow-Guided In-body Nanoscale Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16034/) (2023)
- [Set Transformer Architectures and Synthetic Data Generation for Flow-Guided Nanoscale Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16200/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Nanodevices with Terahertz (THz)-based wireless communication capabilities are providing a primer for flow-guided localization within the human bloodstreams. Such localization is allowing for assigning the locations of sensed events with the events themselves, providing benefits along the lines of early and precise diagnostics, and reduced costs and invasiveness. Flow-guided localization is still in a rudimentary phase, with only a handful of works targeting the problem. Nonetheless, the performance assessments of the proposed solutions are already carried out in a non-standardized way, usually along a single performance metric, and ignoring various aspects that are relevant at such a scale (e.g., nanodevices' limited energy) and for such a challenging environment (e.g., extreme attenuation of in-body THz propagation). As such, these assessments feature low levels of realism and cannot be compared in an objective way. Toward addressing this issue, we account for the environmental and scale-related peculiarities of the scenario and assess the performance of two state-of-the-art flow-guided localization approaches along a set of heterogeneous performance metrics such as the accuracy and reliability of localization.