# ADD 2023: the Second Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.13774 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13774/

## Key facts

- Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 64)

- [The Codecfake Dataset and Countermeasures for the Universally Detection of Deepfake Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.04880/) (2024)
- [SpoofCeleb: Speech Deepfake Detection and SASV In The Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17285/) (2024)
- [Speech DF Arena: A Leaderboard for Speech DeepFake Detection Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02859/) (2025)
- [Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.05657/) (2025)
- [ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.11079/) (2025)
- [Cross-Domain Audio Deepfake Detection: Dataset and Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.04904/) (2024)
- [Where are we in audio deepfake detection? A systematic analysis over generative and detection models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04324/) (2024)
- [How Do Neural Spoofing Countermeasures Detect Partially Spoofed Audio?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02483/) (2024)
- [Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.19537/) (2024)
- [CLAD: Robust Audio Deepfake Detection Against Manipulation Attacks with Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.15854/) (2024)
- [Enhancing Partially Spoofed Audio Localization with Boundary-aware Attention Mechanism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21611/) (2024)
- [Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00711/) (2024)
- [USTC-KXDIGIT System Description for ASVspoof5 Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.01695/) (2024)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13892/) (2024)
- [Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04143/) (2025)
- [Generalized Source Tracing: Detecting Novel Audio Deepfake Algorithm with Real Emphasis and Fake Dispersion Strategy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03240/) (2024)
- [VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.06348/) (2024)
- [Speech-Forensics: Towards Comprehensive Synthetic Speech Dataset Establishment and Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09032/) (2024)
- [Region-Based Optimization in Continual Learning for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.11551/) (2024)
- [Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.02085/) (2025)
- [TRACE: Training-Free Partial Audio Deepfake Detection via Embedding Trajectory Analysis of Speech Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01083/) (2026)
- [Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.17911/) (2024)
- [Can Emotion Fool Anti-spoofing?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.23962/) (2025)
- [Do Compact SSL Backbones Matter for Audio Deepfake Detection? A Controlled Study with RAPTOR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.06164/) (2026)
- [Towards Robust Speech Deepfake Detection via Human-Inspired Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.10725/) (2026)
- [Lightweight Model Attribution and Detection of Synthetic Speech via Audio Residual Fingerprints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.14013/) (2024)
- [Multi-level SSL Feature Gating for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.03409/) (2025)
- [Reliable Audio Deepfake Detection in Variable Conditions via Quantum-Kernel SVMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.18797/) (2025)
- [AT-ADD: All-Type Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge Evaluation Plan](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.08184/) (2026)
- [Localizing Audio-Visual Deepfakes via Hierarchical Boundary Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02000/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Audio deepfake detection is an emerging topic in the artificial intelligence community. The second Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge (ADD 2023) aims to spur researchers around the world to build new innovative technologies that can further accelerate and foster research on detecting and analyzing deepfake speech utterances. Different from previous challenges (e.g. ADD 2022), ADD 2023 focuses on surpassing the constraints of binary real/fake classification, and actually localizing the manipulated intervals in a partially fake speech as well as pinpointing the source responsible for generating any fake audio. Furthermore, ADD 2023 includes more rounds of evaluation for the fake audio game sub-challenge. The ADD 2023 challenge includes three subchallenges: audio fake game (FG), manipulation region location (RL) and deepfake algorithm recognition (AR). This paper describes the datasets, evaluation metrics, and protocols. Some findings are also reported in audio deepfake detection tasks.