# RenderMe-360: A Large Digital Asset Library and Benchmarks Towards High-fidelity Head Avatars

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.13353 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13353/

## Key facts

- Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 83 of its 146 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 83)

- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.04948/) (2018)
- [Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05989/) (2022)
- [Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.7766/) (2014)
- [Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04958/) (2019)
- [NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.10689/) (2021)
- [pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.02190/) (2020)
- [D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13961/) (2020)
- [Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07945/) (2021)
- [StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.17249/) (2021)
- [Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11215/) (2021)
- [PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14024/) (2021)
- [Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13084/) (2020)
- [MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15595/) (2021)
- [First Order Motion Model for Image Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00196/) (2020)
- [IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.13090/) (2021)
- [Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.00889/) (2019)
- [BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.00897/) (2018)
- [Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.14808/) (2020)
- [MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11922/) (2019)
- [Designing an Encoder for StyleGAN Image Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02766/) (2021)
- [Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01455/) (2021)
- [Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Textures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07600/) (2022)
- [Learning an Animatable Detailed 3D Face Model from In-The-Wild Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.04012/) (2020)
- [StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08985/) (2021)
- [Non-Rigid Neural Radiance Fields: Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis of a Dynamic Scene From Monocular Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12247/) (2020)
- [Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.03065/) (2020)
- [One-Shot Free-View Neural Talking-Head Synthesis for Video Conferencing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.15126/) (2020)
- [Pivotal Tuning for Latent-based Editing of Real Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05744/) (2021)
- [Soft Rasterizer: A Differentiable Renderer for Image-based 3D Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01786/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 45)

- [OmniSVG: A Unified Scalable Vector Graphics Generation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.06263/) (2025)
- [Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.20220/) (2025)
- [CAP4D: Creating Animatable 4D Portrait Avatars with Morphable Multi-View Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.12093/) (2024)
- [NPGA: Neural Parametric Gaussian Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19331/) (2024)
- [UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00762/) (2024)
- [Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.04728/) (2024)
- [Pippo: High-Resolution Multi-View Humans from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.07785/) (2025)
- [MVP4D: Multi-View Portrait Video Diffusion for Animatable 4D Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.12785/) (2025)
- [WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.14975/) (2025)
- [EmoTalk3D: High-Fidelity Free-View Synthesis of Emotional 3D Talking Head](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00297/) (2024)
- [MMHead: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal 3D Facial Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07757/) (2024)
- [MVPortrait: Text-Guided Motion and Emotion Control for Multi-view Vivid Portrait Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19383/) (2025)
- [ILSH: The Imperial Light-Stage Head Dataset for Human Head View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03952/) (2023)
- [DiffPortrait360: Consistent Portrait Diffusion for 360 View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.15667/) (2025)
- [DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17988/) (2024)
- [Head360: Learning a Parametric 3D Full-Head for Free-View Synthesis in 360deg](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00296/) (2024)
- [3DGH: 3D Head Generation with Composable Hair and Face](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.20875/) (2025)
- [PanoLAM: Large Avatar Model for Gaussian Full-Head Synthesis from One-shot Unposed Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.07552/) (2025)
- [Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18924/) (2025)
- [StyleMe3D: Stylization with Disentangled Priors by Multiple Encoders on 3D Gaussians](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.15281/) (2025)
- [Towards Native Generative Model for 3D Head Avatar](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.01226/) (2024)
- [Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.00495/) (2025)
- [ViStoryBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Story Visualization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24862/) (2025)
- [UIKA: Fast Universal Head Avatar from Pose-Free Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.07603/) (2026)
- [Single Image, Any Face: Generalisable 3D Face Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.16990/) (2024)
- [Controlling Avatar Diffusion with Learnable Gaussian Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.15809/) (2025)
- [SpinMeRound: Consistent Multi-View Identity Generation Using Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.10716/) (2025)
- [Bringing Your Portrait to 3D Presence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.22553/) (2025)
- [FlexAvatar: Flexible Large Reconstruction Model for Animatable Gaussian Head Avatars with Detailed Deformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.17717/) (2025)
- [EmoDiffTalk:Emotion-aware Diffusion for Editable 3D Gaussian Talking Head](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.05991/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Synthesizing high-fidelity head avatars is a central problem for computer vision and graphics. While head avatar synthesis algorithms have advanced rapidly, the best ones still face great obstacles in real-world scenarios. One of the vital causes is inadequate datasets -- 1) current public datasets can only support researchers to explore high-fidelity head avatars in one or two task directions; 2) these datasets usually contain digital head assets with limited data volume, and narrow distribution over different attributes. In this paper, we present RenderMe-360, a comprehensive 4D human head dataset to drive advance in head avatar research. It contains massive data assets, with 243+ million complete head frames, and over 800k video sequences from 500 different identities captured by synchronized multi-view cameras at 30 FPS. It is a large-scale digital library for head avatars with three key attributes: 1) High Fidelity: all subjects are captured by 60 synchronized, high-resolution 2K cameras in 360 degrees. 2) High Diversity: The collected subjects vary from different ages, eras, ethnicities, and cultures, providing abundant materials with distinctive styles in appearance and geometry. Moreover, each subject is asked to perform various motions, such as expressions and head rotations, which further extend the richness of assets. 3) Rich Annotations: we provide annotations with different granularities: cameras' parameters, matting, scan, 2D/3D facial landmarks, FLAME fitting, and text description. Based on the dataset, we build a comprehensive benchmark for head avatar research, with 16 state-of-the-art methods performed on five main tasks: novel view synthesis, novel expression synthesis, hair rendering, hair editing, and talking head generation. Our experiments uncover the strengths and weaknesses of current methods. RenderMe-360 opens the door for future exploration in head avatars.