# Evidence of Inter-state Coordination amongst State-backed Information Operations

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05907 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05907/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 May 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Leveraging Large Language Models to Detect Influence Campaigns in Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.07816/) (2023)
- [Detection and Characterization of Coordinated Online Behavior: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.01257/) (2024)
- [The Unappreciated Role of Intent in Algorithmic Moderation of Social Media Content](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.11030/) (2024)
- [Multimodal Coordinated Online Behavior: Trade-offs and Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.12108/) (2025)
- [Ideological Isolation in Online Social Networks: A Survey of Computational Definitions, Metrics, and Mitigation Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.07884/) (2026)
- [Manufactured Divisiveness: Decomposing the Hostile Content of Seven Social Media Influence Operations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.14491/) (2026)
- [InfoOps Bench: A live information operations safety benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.28503/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Since 2018, Twitter has steadily released into the public domain content discovered on the platform and believed to be associated with information operations originating from more than a dozen state-backed organizations. Leveraging this dataset, we explore inter-state coordination amongst state-backed information operations and find evidence of intentional, strategic interaction amongst thirteen different states, separate and distinct from within-state operations. We find that coordinated, inter-state information operations attract greater engagement than baseline information operations and appear to come online in service to specific aims. We explore these ideas in depth through two case studies on the coordination between Cuba and Venezuela, and between Russia and Iran.