# White Matter Hyperintensities Segmentation Using Probabilistic TransUNet

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03912 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.03912/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 14 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 May 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [TransUNet: Transformers Make Strong Encoders for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04306/) (2021)
- [Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.15840/) (2020)
- [Segmenter: Transformer for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05633/) (2021)
- [A Probabilistic U-Net for Segmentation of Ambiguous Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.05034/) (2018)
- [Standardized Assessment of Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Results of the WMH Segmentation Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.00682/) (2019)
- [Data Augmentation for Deep Candlestick Learner](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.06731/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are areas of the brain that have higher intensity than other normal brain regions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. WMH is often associated with small vessel disease in the brain, making early detection of WMH important. However, there are two common issues in the detection of WMH: high ambiguity and difficulty in detecting small WMH. In this study, we propose a method called Probabilistic TransUNet to address the precision of small object segmentation and the high ambiguity of medical images. To measure model performance, we conducted a k-fold cross validation and cross dataset robustness experiment. Based on the experiments, the addition of a probabilistic model and the use of a transformer-based approach were able to achieve better performance.