# The Design Space of Generative Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.10547 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10547/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 14 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Apr 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11487/) (2022)
- [On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07258/) (2021)
- [LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.08239/) (2022)
- [Social Simulacra: Creating Populated Prototypes for Social Computing Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.04024/) (2022)
- [All That's 'Human' Is Not Gold: Evaluating Human Evaluation of Generated Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00061/) (2021)
- [AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01691/) (2021)
- [LaMPost: Design and Evaluation of an AI-assisted Email Writing Prototype for Adults with Dyslexia](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.02308/) (2022)
- [Context-Aware Abbreviation Expansion Using Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.03767/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.02462/) (2023)
- [A Design Space for Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14117/) (2024)
- [Creativity Support in the Age of Large Language Models: An Empirical Study Involving Emerging Writers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.12570/) (2023)
- [GhostWriter: Augmenting Collaborative Human-AI Writing Experiences Through Personalization and Agency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.08855/) (2024)
- [The Impact and Opportunities of Generative AI in Fact-Checking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.15985/) (2024)
- [Deconstructing the Veneer of Simplicity: Co-Designing Introductory Generative AI Workshops with Local Entrepreneurs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.17082/) (2024)
- [A Preliminary Exploration of YouTubers' Use of Generative-AI in Content Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06039/) (2024)
- [Exploring Collaborative GenAI Agents in Synchronous Group Settings: Eliciting Team Perceptions and Design Considerations for the Future of Work](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14779/) (2025)
- [HCC Is All You Need: Alignment-The Sensible Kind Anyway-Is Just Human-Centered Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.03699/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Card et al.'s classic paper "The Design Space of Input Devices" established the value of design spaces as a tool for HCI analysis and invention. We posit that developing design spaces for emerging pre-trained, generative AI models is necessary for supporting their integration into human-centered systems and practices. We explore what it means to develop an AI model design space by proposing two design spaces relating to generative AI models: the first considers how HCI can impact generative models (i.e., interfaces for models) and the second considers how generative models can impact HCI (i.e., models as an HCI prototyping material).