# Can We Revitalize Interventional Healthcare with AI-XR Surgical Metaverses?

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00007 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.00007/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [CheXNet: Radiologist-Level Pneumonia Detection on Chest X-Rays with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.05225/) (2017)
- [Surgical Data Science -- from Concepts toward Clinical Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.02284/) (2020)
- [Secure and Robust Machine Learning for Healthcare: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08103/) (2020)
- [All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.05352/) (2021)
- [Securing Connected & Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges Posed by Adversarial Machine Learning and The Way Forward](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.12762/) (2019)
- [CT-GAN: Malicious Tampering of 3D Medical Imagery using Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.03597/) (2019)
- [Generalizability vs. Robustness: Adversarial Examples for Medical Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.00504/) (2018)
- [Will Metaverse be NextG Internet? Vision, Hype, and Reality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12894/) (2022)
- [Secure and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence-Extended Reality (AI-XR) for Metaverses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13289/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Privacy Preservation in Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality (AI-XR) Metaverses: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10665/) (2023)
- [Robust Surgical Tools Detection in Endoscopic Videos with Noisy Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01232/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in technology, particularly in machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and the metaverse, offer great potential for revolutionizing surgical science. The combination of artificial intelligence and extended reality (AI-XR) technologies has the potential to create a surgical metaverse, a virtual environment where surgeries can be planned and performed. This paper aims to provide insight into the various potential applications of an AI-XR surgical metaverse and the challenges that must be addressed to bring its full potential to fruition. It is important for the community to focus on these challenges to fully realize the potential of the AI-XR surgical metaverses. Furthermore, to emphasize the need for secure and robust AI-XR surgical metaverses and to demonstrate the real-world implications of security threats to the AI-XR surgical metaverses, we present a case study in which the ``an immersive surgical attack'' on incision point localization is performed in the context of preoperative planning in a surgical metaverse.