# Vulnerability of Face Morphing Attacks: A Case Study on Lookalike and Identical Twins

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.14004 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14004/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.14948/) (2021)
- [Face Morphing Attack Generation & Detection: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.02045/) (2020)
- [Analyzing Human Observer Ability in Morphing Attack Detection -- Where Do We Stand?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.12426/) (2022)
- [Deep Composite Face Image Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.11039/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Empowering Morphing Attack Detection using Interpretable Image-Text Foundation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10110/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Face morphing attacks have emerged as a potential threat, particularly in automatic border control scenarios. Morphing attacks permit more than one individual to use travel documents that can be used to cross borders using automatic border control gates. The potential for morphing attacks depends on the selection of data subjects (accomplice and malicious actors). This work investigates lookalike and identical twins as the source of face morphing generation. We present a systematic study on benchmarking the vulnerability of Face Recognition Systems (FRS) to lookalike and identical twin morphing images. Therefore, we constructed new face morphing datasets using 16 pairs of identical twin and lookalike data subjects. Morphing images from lookalike and identical twins are generated using a landmark-based method. Extensive experiments are carried out to benchmark the attack potential of lookalike and identical twins. Furthermore, experiments are designed to provide insights into the impact of vulnerability with normal face morphing compared with lookalike and identical twin face morphing.