# Reliable Beamforming at Terahertz Bands: Are Causal Representations the Way Forward?

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08017 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08017/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 12 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Convex optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01946/) (2021)
- [Recurrent World Models Facilitate Policy Evolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.01999/) (2018)
- [Deep Learning Enabled Semantic Communication Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10685/) (2020)
- [6G Networks: Beyond Shannon Towards Semantic and Goal-Oriented Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.14844/) (2020)
- [Task-Oriented Multi-User Semantic Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10255/) (2021)
- [Semantics-Empowered Communication for Networked Intelligent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.11579/) (2020)
- [Less Data, More Knowledge: Building Next Generation Semantic Communication Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14343/) (2022)
- [Neuro-Symbolic Causal Reasoning Meets Signaling Game for Emergent Semantic Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12040/) (2022)
- [Semantic-Effectiveness Filtering and Control for Post-5G Wireless Connectivity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.02441/) (2019)
- [Variational Causal Dynamics: Discovering Modular World Models from Interventions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.11131/) (2022)
- [Towards a Decentralized Metaverse: Synchronized Orchestration of Digital Twins and Sub-Metaverses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14686/) (2022)
- [Joint Sensing and Communication for Situational Awareness in Wireless THz Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14044/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)-Native Wireless Systems: A Journey Beyond 6G](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02336/) (2024)
- [Causal Reasoning: Charting a Revolutionary Course for Next-Generation AI-Native Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.13223/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Future wireless services, such as the metaverse require high information rate, reliability, and low latency. Multi-user wireless systems can meet such requirements by utilizing the abundant terahertz bandwidth with a massive number of antennas, creating narrow beamforming solutions. However, existing solutions lack proper modeling of channel dynamics, resulting in inaccurate beamforming solutions in high-mobility scenarios. Herein, a dynamic, semantically aware beamforming solution is proposed for the first time, utilizing novel artificial intelligence algorithms in variational causal inference to compute the time-varying dynamics of the causal representation of multi-modal data and the beamforming. Simulations show that the proposed causality-guided approach for Terahertz (THz) beamforming outperforms classical MIMO beamforming techniques.