# Good Neighbors Are All You Need for Chinese Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.07726 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.07726/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 15 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.08415/) (2016)
- [MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.01601/) (2021)
- [Pay Attention to MLPs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08050/) (2021)
- [AS-MLP: An Axial Shifted MLP Architecture for Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.08391/) (2021)
- [S2-MLP: Spatial-Shift MLP Architecture for Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07477/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [GSA-TTS : Toward Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis based on Gradual Style Adaptor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.19384/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Most Chinese Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) systems employ a three-stage framework that first transforms input sequences into character embeddings, obtains linguistic information using language models, and then predicts the phonemes based on global context about the entire input sequence. However, linguistic knowledge alone is often inadequate. Language models frequently encode overly general structures of a sentence and fail to cover specific cases needed to use phonetic knowledge. Also, a handcrafted post-processing system is needed to address the problems relevant to the tone of the characters. However, the system exhibits inconsistency in the segmentation of word boundaries which consequently degrades the performance of the G2P system. To address these issues, we propose the Reinforcer that provides strong inductive bias for language models by emphasizing the phonological information between neighboring characters to help disambiguate pronunciations. Experimental results show that the Reinforcer boosts the cutting-edge architectures by a large margin. We also combine the Reinforcer with a large-scale pre-trained model and demonstrate the validity of using neighboring context in knowledge transfer scenarios.