# Multi-modal Gated Mixture of Local-to-Global Experts for Dynamic Image Fusion

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01392 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.01392/

## Key facts

- Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Vision mixture-of-experts, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts.
- Builds on 21 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2023.

## Placed in

- Mixture-of-experts / [Vision mixture-of-experts](https://mlsanity.com/moe/vision-mixture-of-experts/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06993/) (2016)
- [Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.06538/) (2017)
- [Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.03961/) (2021)
- [GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.16668/) (2020)
- [GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06905/) (2021)
- [Scaling Vision with Sparse Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05974/) (2021)
- [VLMo: Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training with Mixture-of-Modality-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.02358/) (2021)
- [Target-aware Dual Adversarial Learning and a Multi-scenario Multi-Modality Benchmark to Fuse Infrared and Visible for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16220/) (2022)
- [LLVIP: A Visible-infrared Paired Dataset for Low-light Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10831/) (2021)
- [Multimodal Contrastive Learning with LIMoE: the Language-Image Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.02770/) (2022)
- [DenseFuse: A Fusion Approach to Infrared and Visible Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.08361/) (2018)
- [Drone-based RGB-Infrared Cross-Modality Vehicle Detection via Uncertainty-Aware Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02437/) (2020)
- [RFN-Nest: An end-to-end residual fusion network for infrared and visible images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04286/) (2021)
- [Multispectral Fusion for Object Detection with Cyclic Fuse-and-Refine Blocks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.12664/) (2020)
- [Unsupervised Misaligned Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Cross-Modality Image Generation and Registration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11876/) (2022)
- [DIDFuse: Deep Image Decomposition for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.09210/) (2020)
- [NestFuse: An Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Architecture based on Nest Connection and Spatial/Channel Attention Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.00328/) (2020)
- [Uni-Perceiver-MoE: Learning Sparse Generalist Models with Conditional MoEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.04674/) (2022)
- [MDLatLRR: A novel decomposition method for infrared and visible image fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.02291/) (2018)
- [SwinFuse: A Residual Swin Transformer Fusion Network for Infrared and Visible Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11436/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 54)

- [FuseMoE: Mixture-of-Experts Transformers for Fleximodal Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03226/) (2024)
- [Task-Customized Mixture of Adapters for General Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12494/) (2024)
- [Comet: Fine-grained Computation-communication Overlapping for Mixture-of-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.19811/) (2025)
- [Infrared and Visible Image Fusion: From Data Compatibility to Task Adaption](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.10761/) (2025)
- [DifIISR: A Diffusion Model with Gradient Guidance for Infrared Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.01187/) (2025)
- [Mixture of Experts Fusion for Fake Audio Detection Using Frozen wav2vec 2.0](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.11909/) (2024)
- [TFDet: Target-Aware Fusion for RGB-T Pedestrian Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16580/) (2023)
- [Predictive Dynamic Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04802/) (2024)
- [Removal then Selection: A Coarse-to-Fine Fusion Perspective for RGB-Infrared Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10731/) (2024)
- [DMFourLLIE: Dual-Stage and Multi-Branch Fourier Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.00683/) (2024)
- [DORNet: A Degradation Oriented and Regularized Network for Blind Depth Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.11666/) (2024)
- [Frequency-Adaptive Pan-Sharpening with Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.02151/) (2024)
- [Conditional Controllable Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.01573/) (2024)
- [TSJNet: A Multi-modality Target and Semantic Awareness Joint-driven Image Fusion Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.01212/) (2024)
- [D3T: Distinctive Dual-Domain Teacher Zigzagging Across RGB-Thermal Gap for Domain-Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.09359/) (2024)
- [Test-Time Dynamic Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.02840/) (2024)
- [Multimodal Model for Computational Pathology:Representation Learning and Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.18660/) (2026)
- [A Survey on Dynamic Neural Networks: from Computer Vision to Multi-modal Sensor Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.07451/) (2025)
- [Completed Feature Disentanglement Learning for Multimodal MRIs Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04916/) (2024)
- [FlexiD-Fuse: Flexible number of inputs multi-modal medical image fusion based on diffusion model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09456/) (2025)
- [YOLOv11-RGBT: Towards a Comprehensive Single-Stage Multispectral Object Detection Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14696/) (2025)
- [FS-Diff: Semantic guidance and clarity-aware simultaneous multimodal image fusion and super-resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09427/) (2025)
- [CoBEVMoE: Heterogeneity-aware Feature Fusion with Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts for Collaborative Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.17107/) (2025)
- [Cross-Modal Spherical Aggregation for Weakly Supervised Remote Sensing Shadow Removal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17469/) (2024)
- [DEPFusion: Dual-Domain Enhancement and Priority-Guided Mamba Fusion for UAV Multispectral Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.07327/) (2025)
- [TAP: Two-Stage Adaptive Personalization of Multi-Task and Multi-Modal Foundation Models in Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26524/) (2025)
- [PathSelect: Sequential Token Selection for Whole Slide Pathology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.23631/) (2026)
- [FusionSAM: Visual Multi-Modal Learning with Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13980/) (2024)
- [ViMoE: An Empirical Study of Designing Vision Mixture-of-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.15732/) (2024)
- [Dynamic Brightness Adaptation for Robust Multi-modal Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04697/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Infrared and visible image fusion aims to integrate comprehensive information from multiple sources to achieve superior performances on various practical tasks, such as detection, over that of a single modality. However, most existing methods directly combined the texture details and object contrast of different modalities, ignoring the dynamic changes in reality, which diminishes the visible texture in good lighting conditions and the infrared contrast in low lighting conditions. To fill this gap, we propose a dynamic image fusion framework with a multi-modal gated mixture of local-to-global experts, termed MoE-Fusion, to dynamically extract effective and comprehensive information from the respective modalities. Our model consists of a Mixture of Local Experts (MoLE) and a Mixture of Global Experts (MoGE) guided by a multi-modal gate. The MoLE performs specialized learning of multi-modal local features, prompting the fused images to retain the local information in a sample-adaptive manner, while the MoGE focuses on the global information that complements the fused image with overall texture detail and contrast. Extensive experiments show that our MoE-Fusion outperforms state-of-the-art methods in preserving multi-modal image texture and contrast through the local-to-global dynamic learning paradigm, and also achieves superior performance on detection tasks. Our code will be available: https://github.com/SunYM2020/MoE-Fusion.