# RFPose-OT: RF-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation via Optimal Transport Theory

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13013 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13013/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.08050/) (2016)
- [A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.03098/) (2017)
- [RMPE: Regional Multi-person Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.00137/) (2016)
- [Convolutional Pose Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.00134/) (2016)
- [3D Human Pose Estimation with Spatial and Temporal Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10455/) (2021)
- [Visual Interpretability for Deep Learning: a Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.00614/) (2018)
- [mm-Pose: Real-Time Human Skeletal Posture Estimation using mmWave Radars and CNNs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.09592/) (2019)
- [Person-in-WiFi: Fine-grained Person Perception using WiFi](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.00276/) (2019)
- [Making the Invisible Visible: Action Recognition Through Walls and Occlusions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.09300/) (2019)
- [Towards Domain-Independent and Real-Time Gesture Recognition Using mmWave Signal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06195/) (2021)
- [RFMask: A Simple Baseline for Human Silhouette Segmentation with Radio Signals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.10175/) (2022)
- [Contactless Electrocardiogram Monitoring with Millimeter Wave Radar](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06639/) (2021)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for RF-based Gesture Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.10602/) (2021)
- [WiSpeed: A Statistical Electromagnetic Approach for Device-Free Indoor Speed Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.00348/) (2017)
- [RFGAN: RF-Based Human Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03727/) (2021)
- [A Multi-Target Track-Before-Detect Particle Filter Using Superpositional Data in Non-Gaussian Noise](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05778/) (2020)
- [Radio-Assisted Human Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08743/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Multi-Person Pose Estimation Evaluation Using Optimal Transportation and Improved Pose Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.10398/) (2026)
- [Vision Meets WiFi: Physics-Grounded Estimation of Volumetric Mechanical Properties](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.07726/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces a novel framework, i.e., RFPose-OT, to enable the 3D human pose estimation from Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Different from existing methods that predict human poses from RF signals on the signal level directly, we consider the structure difference between the RF signals and the human poses, propose to transform the RF signals to the pose domain on the feature level based on Optimal Transport (OT) theory, and generate human poses from the transformed features. To evaluate RFPose-OT, we build a radio system and a multi-view camera system to acquire the RF signal data and the ground-truth human poses. The experimental results in basic indoor environment, occlusion indoor environment, and outdoor environment, all demonstrate that RFPose-OT can predict 3D human poses with higher precision than the state-of-the-art methods.