# Personalised Decision-Making without Counterfactuals

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.11976 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.11976/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Nondeterministic Causal Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14001/) (2024)
- [Distribution-consistency Structural Causal Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15911/) (2024)
- [Causal Counterfactuals Reconsidered](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.12804/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This article is a response to recent proposals by Pearl and others for a new approach to personalised treatment decisions, in contrast to the traditional one based on statistical decision theory. We argue that this approach is dangerously misguided and should not be used in practice.