# Study on the identification limits of craniofacial superimposition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09461 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.09461/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 0 of its 7 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2023.

## Abstract (arXiv)

Craniofacial Superimposition involves the superimposition of an image of a skull with a number of ante-mortem face images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. Despite being used for one century, it is not yet a mature and fully accepted technique due to the absence of solid scientific approaches, significant reliability studies, and international standards. In this paper we present a comprehensive experimentation on the limitations of Craniofacial Superimposition as a forensic identification technique. The study involves different experiments over more than 1 Million comparisons performed by a landmark-based automatic 3D/2D superimposition method. The total sample analyzed consists of 320 subjects and 29 craniofacial landmarks.