# Fully Automated Artery-Vein ratio and vascular tortuosity measurement in retinal fundus images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.01791 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.01791/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 35 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Multi-Task Neural Networks with Spatial Activation for Retinal Vessel Segmentation and Artery/Vein Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.09337/) (2020)
- [Deep Learning Fundus Image Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema Grading](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08764/) (2019)
- [Dynamic Deep Networks for Retinal Vessel Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07803/) (2019)
- [Optic Disc Segmentation using Disk-Centered Patch Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00512/) (2021)
- [Fully Automated Tree Topology Estimation and Artery-Vein Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02382/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Topology-Preserving Image Segmentation with Spatial-Aware Persistent Feature Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.02076/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate measurements of abnormalities like Artery-Vein ratio and tortuosity in fundus images is an actively researched task. Most of the research seems to compute such features independently. However, in this work, we have devised a fully automated technique to measure any vascular abnormalities. This paper is a follow-up paper on vessel topology estimation and extraction, we use the extracted topology to perform A-V state-of-the-art Artery-Vein classification, AV ratio calculation, and vessel tortuosity measurement, all fully automated. Existing techniques tend to only work on the partial region, but we extract the complete vascular structure. We have shown the usability of this topology by extracting two of the most important vascular features; Artery-Vein ratio, and vessel tortuosity.