# What is Cognitive Computing? An Architecture and State of The Art

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00882 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00882/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 15 of its 127 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00388/) (2020)
- [Enabling Spike-based Backpropagation for Training Deep Neural Network Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.06379/) (2019)
- [Pre-training is a Hot Topic: Contextualized Document Embeddings Improve Topic Coherence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03974/) (2020)
- [Memory and information processing in neuromorphic systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.03264/) (2015)
- [Spiking Neural Networks and Online Learning: An Overview and Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.08019/) (2019)
- [Brain-inspired global-local learning incorporated with neuromorphic computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.03226/) (2020)
- [Training and Classification using a Restricted Boltzmann Machine on the D-Wave 2000Q](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.03247/) (2020)
- [Implementing Spiking Neural Networks on Neuromorphic Architectures: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08897/) (2022)
- [An Automatic Ontology Generation Framework with An Organizational Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05910/) (2022)
- [Quantum Cognition: The possibility of processing with nuclear spins in the brain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1508.05929/) (2015)
- [A Grover search-based algorithm for the list coloring problem](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09061/) (2021)
- [Developing Mathematical Oracle Functions for Grover Quantum Search Algorithm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05921/) (2021)
- [A quantum related-key attack based on Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.03266/) (2018)
- [Cognitive Information Measurements: A New Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.01719/) (2019)
- [Explaining Cognitive Computing Through the Information Systems Lens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05945/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Cognitive Computing (COC) aims to build highly cognitive machines with low computational resources that respond in real-time. However, scholarly literature shows varying research areas and various interpretations of COC. This calls for a cohesive architecture that delineates the nature of COC. We argue that if Herbert Simon considered the design science is the science of artificial, cognitive systems are the products of cognitive science or 'the newest science of the artificial'. Therefore, building a conceptual basis for COC is an essential step into prospective cognitive computing-based systems. This paper proposes an architecture of COC through analyzing the literature on COC using a myriad of statistical analysis methods. Then, we compare the statistical analysis results with previous qualitative analysis results to confirm our findings. The study also comprehensively surveys the recent research on COC to identify the state of the art and connect the advances in varied research disciplines in COC. The study found that there are three underlaying computing paradigms, Von-Neuman, Neuromorphic Engineering and Quantum Computing, that comprehensively complement the structure of cognitive computation. The research discuss possible applications and open research directions under the COC umbrella.