# Rethinking the Video Sampling and Reasoning Strategies for Temporal Sentence Grounding

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00514 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00514/

## Key facts

- Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 38 of its 52 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 38)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.07750/) (2017)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.3555/) (2014)
- [Dense-Captioning Events in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.00754/) (2017)
- [Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.01641/) (2017)
- [TALL: Temporal Activity Localization via Language Query](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.02101/) (2017)
- [Hollywood in Homes: Crowdsourcing Data Collection for Activity Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01753/) (2016)
- [Learning 2D Temporal Adjacent Networks for Moment Localization with Natural Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.03590/) (2019)
- [Span-based Localizing Network for Natural Language Video Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.13931/) (2020)
- [Local-Global Video-Text Interactions for Temporal Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.07514/) (2020)
- [Dense Regression Network for Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03545/) (2020)
- [To Find Where You Talk: Temporal Sentence Localization in Video with Attention Based Location Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.07014/) (2018)
- [MAN: Moment Alignment Network for Natural Language Moment Retrieval via Iterative Graph Adjustment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.00087/) (2018)
- [Semantic Conditioned Dynamic Modulation for Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.14303/) (2019)
- [Multilevel Language and Vision Integration for Text-to-Clip Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.05113/) (2018)
- [Context-aware Biaffine Localizing Network for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.11555/) (2021)
- [Interventional Video Grounding with Dual Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.11013/) (2021)
- [Dual Encoding for Zero-Example Video Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.06181/) (2018)
- [MAC: Mining Activity Concepts for Language-based Temporal Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.08925/) (2018)
- [Temporally Grounding Language Queries in Videos by Contextual Boundary-aware Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.05010/) (2019)
- [Proposal-free Temporal Moment Localization of a Natural-Language Query in Video using Guided Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07236/) (2019)
- [Cross-Modal Interaction Networks for Query-Based Moment Retrieval in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.02497/) (2019)
- [Jointly Cross- and Self-Modal Graph Attention Network for Query-Based Moment Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.01403/) (2020)
- [On Pursuit of Designing Multi-modal Transformer for Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.06085/) (2021)
- [Tree-Augmented Cross-Modal Encoding for Complex-Query Video Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02503/) (2020)
- [Fine-grained Iterative Attention Network for TemporalLanguage Localization in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.02448/) (2020)
- [Memory-Guided Semantic Learning Network for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.00454/) (2022)
- [Multi-Modal Cross-Domain Alignment Network for Video Moment Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.11572/) (2022)
- [Adaptive Proposal Generation Network for Temporal Sentence Localization in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.06398/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Time-R1: Post-Training Large Vision Language Model for Temporal Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.13377/) (2025)
- [Knowing Where to Focus: Event-aware Transformer for Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06947/) (2023)
- [SnAG: Scalable and Accurate Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02257/) (2024)
- [Correlation-Guided Query-Dependency Calibration for Video Temporal Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.08835/) (2023)
- [Grounding-Prompter: Prompting LLM with Multimodal Information for Temporal Sentence Grounding in Long Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17117/) (2023)
- [TempR1: Improving Temporal Understanding of MLLMs via Temporal-Aware Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.03963/) (2025)
- [Rethinking Weakly-supervised Video Temporal Grounding From a Game Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.26441/) (2026)
- [Diversifying Query: Region-Guided Transformer for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.00143/) (2024)
- [Vision-Language Models Learn Super Images for Efficient Partially Relevant Video Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00414/) (2023)
- [Multi-Scale Contrastive Learning for Video Temporal Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.07157/) (2024)
- [TimeScope: Towards Task-Oriented Temporal Grounding In Long Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26360/) (2025)
- [Sim-DETR: Unlock DETR for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23867/) (2025)
- [ArrowGEV: Grounding Events in Video via Learning the Arrow of Time](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.06559/) (2026)
- [Transform-Equivariant Consistency Learning for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.04123/) (2023)
- [TimeLoc: A Unified End-to-End Framework for Precise Timestamp Localization in Long Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.06526/) (2025)
- [Tracking Objects and Activities with Attention for Temporal Sentence Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.10813/) (2023)
- [No-frills Temporal Video Grounding: Multi-Scale Neighboring Attention and Zoom-in Boundary Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10567/) (2023)
- [HieraMamba: Video Temporal Grounding via Hierarchical Anchor-Mamba Pooling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.23043/) (2025)
- [The Visual Bottleneck: Sparse-Frame Adaptation of MLLMs for Joint Spatial-Temporal Video Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.24570/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video frames and then conduct multi-modal interactions with query sentence for reasoning. However, we argue that these methods have overlooked two indispensable issues: 1) Boundary-bias: The annotated target segment generally refers to two specific frames as corresponding start and end timestamps. The video downsampling process may lose these two frames and take the adjacent irrelevant frames as new boundaries. 2) Reasoning-bias: Such incorrect new boundary frames also lead to the reasoning bias during frame-query interaction, reducing the generalization ability of model. To alleviate above limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel Siamese Sampling and Reasoning Network (SSRN) for TSG, which introduces a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames to enrich and refine the new boundaries. Specifically, a reasoning strategy is developed to learn the inter-relationship among these frames and generate soft labels on boundaries for more accurate frame-query reasoning. Such mechanism is also able to supplement the absent consecutive visual semantics to the sampled sparse frames for fine-grained activity understanding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SSRN on three challenging datasets.