# Future Space Networks: Toward the Next Giant Leap for Humankind

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05668 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05668/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Satellite Federated Edge Learning: Architecture Design and Convergence Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01875/) (2024)
- [Stitching Satellites to the Edge: Pervasive and Efficient Federated LEO Satellite Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15541/) (2024)
- [Space-O-RAN: Enabling Intelligent, Open, and Interoperable Non Terrestrial Networks in 6G](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.15936/) (2025)
- [Energy-Aware Federated Learning in Satellite Constellations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.14832/) (2024)
- [Decentralized Trust for Space AI: Blockchain-Based Federated Learning Across Multi-Vendor LEO Satellite Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.08882/) (2025)
- [Reliable Transmission of LTP Using Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive FEC](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.22470/) (2025)
- [Cyber Physical Awareness via Intent-Driven Threat Assessment: Enhanced Space Networks with Intershell Links](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16314/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Due to the unprecedented advances in satellite fabrication and deployment, innovative communications and networking technologies, ambitious space projects and programs, and the resurgence of interest in satellite networks, there is a need to redefine space networks (SpaceNets) to incorporate all of these evolutions. This paper introduces a vision for future SpaceNets that considers advances in several related domains. First, we present a reference architecture that captures the various network entities and terminals in a holistic manner. Based on this, space, air, and ground use cases are studied. Then, the architectures and technologies that enable the envisaged SpaceNets are investigated. In so doing, we highlight the activities and projects of different standardization bodies, satellite operators, and national organizations towards the envisioned SpaceNets. Finally, the challenges, potential solutions, and open issues from communications and networking perspectives are discussed.