# Comprehensive Complexity Assessment of Emerging Learned Image Compression on CPU and GPU

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05466 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05466/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Generalized Nested Latent Variable Models for Lossy Coding applied to Wind Turbine Scenarios](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06165/) (2024)
- [Joint End-to-End Image Compression and Denoising: Leveraging Contrastive Learning and Multi-Scale Self-ONNs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.05582/) (2024)
- [Channel-wise Feature Decorrelation for Enhanced Learned Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.10936/) (2024)
- [Perceptual Learned Image Compression via End-to-End JND-Based Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.02836/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Learned Compression (LC) is the emerging technology for compressing image and video content, using deep neural networks. Despite being new, LC methods have already gained a compression efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art image compression, such as HEVC or even VVC. However, the existing solutions often require a huge computational complexity, which discourages their adoption in international standards or products. This paper provides a comprehensive complexity assessment of several notable methods, that shed light on the matter, and guide the future development of this field by presenting key findings. To do so, six existing methods have been evaluated for both encoding and decoding, on CPU and GPU platforms. Various aspects of complexity such as the overall complexity, share of each coding module, number of operations, number of parameters, most demanding GPU kernels, and memory requirements have been measured and compared on Kodak dataset. The reported results (1) quantify the complexity of LC methods, (2) fairly compare different methods, and (3) a major contribution of the work is identifying and quantifying the key factors affecting the complexity.