# Diverse Multi-Answer Retrieval with Determinantal Point Processes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.16029 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.16029/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04906/) (2020)
- [REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.08909/) (2020)
- [MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09268/) (2016)
- [Leveraging Passage Retrieval with Generative Models for Open Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.01282/) (2020)
- [Reading Wikipedia to Answer Open-Domain Questions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.00051/) (2017)
- [Latent Retrieval for Weakly Supervised Open Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.00300/) (2019)
- [Passage Re-ranking with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.04085/) (2019)
- [AmbigQA: Answering Ambiguous Open-domain Questions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.10645/) (2020)
- [End-to-End Open-Domain Question Answering with BERTserini](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.01718/) (2019)
- [Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10723/) (2017)
- [Multi-passage BERT: A Globally Normalized BERT Model for Open-domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.08167/) (2019)
- [Pyserini: An Easy-to-Use Python Toolkit to Support Replicable IR Research with Sparse and Dense Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.10073/) (2021)
- [Joint Passage Ranking for Diverse Multi-Answer Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08445/) (2021)
- [Query-Focused Video Summarization: Dataset, Evaluation, and A Memory Network Based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.04960/) (2017)
- [Improving the Similarity Measure of Determinantal Point Processes for Extractive Multi-Document Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.00072/) (2019)
- [Multi-Document Summarization with Determinantal Point Processes and Contextualized Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.11411/) (2019)
- [In Conclusion Not Repetition: Comprehensive Abstractive Summarization With Diversified Attention Based On Determinantal Point Processes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.10852/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Diverse Demonstrations Improve In-context Compositional Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06800/) (2022)
- [Provoking Multi-modal Few-Shot LVLM via Exploration-Exploitation In-Context Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.09473/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Often questions provided to open-domain question answering systems are ambiguous. Traditional QA systems that provide a single answer are incapable of answering ambiguous questions since the question may be interpreted in several ways and may have multiple distinct answers. In this paper, we address multi-answer retrieval which entails retrieving passages that can capture majority of the diverse answers to the question. We propose a re-ranking based approach using Determinantal point processes utilizing BERT as kernels. Our method jointly considers query-passage relevance and passage-passage correlation to retrieve passages that are both query-relevant and diverse. Results demonstrate that our re-ranking technique outperforms state-of-the-art method on the AmbigQA dataset.