# COVID-19 Classification Using Deep Learning Two-Stage Approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.15817 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15817/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.09871/) (2020)
- [COVIDX-Net: A Framework of Deep Learning Classifiers to Diagnose COVID-19 in X-Ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.11055/) (2020)
- [COVIDGR dataset and COVID-SDNet methodology for predicting COVID-19 based on Chest X-Ray images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.01409/) (2020)
- [DeepCOVIDExplainer: Explainable COVID-19 Diagnosis Based on Chest X-ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04582/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, deep-learning-based approaches namely fine-tuning of pretrained convolutional neural networks (VGG16 and VGG19), and end-to-end training of a developed CNN model, have been used in order to classify X-Ray images into four different classes that include COVID-19, normal, opacity and pneumonia cases. A dataset containing more than 20,000 X-ray scans was retrieved from Kaggle and used in this experiment. A two-stage classification approach was implemented to be compared to the one-shot classification approach. Our hypothesis was that a two-stage model will be able to achieve better performance than a one-shot model. Our results show otherwise as VGG16 achieved 95% accuracy using one-shot approach over 5-fold of training. Future work will focus on a more robust implementation of the two-stage classification model Covid-TSC. The main improvement will be allowing data to flow from the output of stage-1 to the input of stage-2, where stage-1 and stage-2 models are VGG16 models fine-tuned on the Covid-19 dataset.