# An Unpaired Cross-modality Segmentation Framework Using Data Augmentation and Hybrid Convolutional Networks for Segmenting Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlea

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14986 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14986/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 12 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.15651/) (2020)
- [Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.10349/) (2018)
- [Unsupervised Bidirectional Cross-Modality Adaptation via Deeply Synergistic Image and Feature Alignment for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.02255/) (2020)
- [SynSeg-Net: Synthetic Segmentation Without Target Modality Ground Truth](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.06498/) (2018)
- [CrossMoDA 2021 challenge: Benchmark of Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation techniques for Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlea Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.02831/) (2022)
- [Scribble-based Domain Adaptation via Co-segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.03632/) (2020)
- [Automatic Segmentation of Vestibular Schwannoma from T2-Weighted MRI by Deep Spatial Attention with Hardness-Weighted Loss](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.03906/) (2019)
- [COSMOS: Cross-Modality Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Medical Image Segmentation based on Target-aware Domain Translation and Iterative Self-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16557/) (2022)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation Based on Pixel Alignment and Self-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.14219/) (2021)
- [MNet: Rethinking 2D/3D Networks for Anisotropic Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.04846/) (2022)
- [Adapt Everywhere: Unsupervised Adaptation of Point-Clouds and Entropy Minimisation for Multi-modal Cardiac Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.08219/) (2021)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlea Segmentation via Semi-supervised Learning and Label Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.10647/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [crossMoDA Challenge: Evolution of Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation Techniques for Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlea Segmentation from 2021 to 2023](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.12006/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The crossMoDA challenge aims to automatically segment the vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor and cochlea regions of unlabeled high-resolution T2 scans by leveraging labeled contrast-enhanced T1 scans. The 2022 edition extends the segmentation task by including multi-institutional scans. In this work, we proposed an unpaired cross-modality segmentation framework using data augmentation and hybrid convolutional networks. Considering heterogeneous distributions and various image sizes for multi-institutional scans, we apply the min-max normalization for scaling the intensities of all scans between -1 and 1, and use the voxel size resampling and center cropping to obtain fixed-size sub-volumes for training. We adopt two data augmentation methods for effectively learning the semantic information and generating realistic target domain scans: generative and online data augmentation. For generative data augmentation, we use CUT and CycleGAN to generate two groups of realistic T2 volumes with different details and appearances for supervised segmentation training. For online data augmentation, we design a random tumor signal reducing method for simulating the heterogeneity of VS tumor signals. Furthermore, we utilize an advanced hybrid convolutional network with multi-dimensional convolutions to adaptively learn sparse inter-slice information and dense intra-slice information for accurate volumetric segmentation of VS tumor and cochlea regions in anisotropic scans. On the crossMoDA2022 validation dataset, our method produces promising results and achieves the mean DSC values of 72.47% and 76.48% and ASSD values of 3.42 mm and 0.53 mm for VS tumor and cochlea regions, respectively.