# UIT-HWDB: Using Transferring Method to Construct A Novel Benchmark for Evaluating Unconstrained Handwriting Image Recognition in Vietnamese

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05407 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05407/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Nov 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1406.1078/) (2014)
- [A Primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.12327/) (2020)
- [An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.05717/) (2015)
- [An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.08458/) (2015)
- [Fundamentals of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.03314/) (2018)
- [NRTR: A No-Recurrence Sequence-to-Sequence Model For Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00926/) (2018)
- [Pay Attention to What You Read: Non-recurrent Handwritten Text-Line Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.13044/) (2020)
- [Evaluating Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Handwritten Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07377/) (2019)
- [Generating Synthetic Data for Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.04224/) (2016)
- [Scene Text Recognition via Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.08077/) (2020)
- [End to End Recognition System for Recognizing Offline Unconstrained Vietnamese Handwriting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05381/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Vintern-1B: An Efficient Multimodal Large Language Model for Vietnamese](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12480/) (2024)
- [A Survey on Vietnamese Document Analysis and Recognition: Challenges and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.05061/) (2025)
- [ViX-Ray: A Vietnamese Chest X-Ray Dataset for Vision-Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15513/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recognizing handwriting images is challenging due to the vast variation in writing style across many people and distinct linguistic aspects of writing languages. In Vietnamese, besides the modern Latin characters, there are accent and letter marks together with characters that draw confusion to state-of-the-art handwriting recognition methods. Moreover, as a low-resource language, there are not many datasets for researching handwriting recognition in Vietnamese, which makes handwriting recognition in this language have a barrier for researchers to approach. Recent works evaluated offline handwriting recognition methods in Vietnamese using images from an online handwriting dataset constructed by connecting pen stroke coordinates without further processing. This approach obviously can not measure the ability of recognition methods effectively, as it is trivial and may be lack of features that are essential in offline handwriting images. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the Transferring method to construct a handwriting image dataset that associates crucial natural attributes required for offline handwriting images. Using our method, we provide a first high-quality synthetic dataset which is complex and natural for efficiently evaluating handwriting recognition methods. In addition, we conduct experiments with various state-of-the-art methods to figure out the challenge to reach the solution for handwriting recognition in Vietnamese.