# Unclonability and Quantum Cryptanalysis: From Foundations to Applications

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.17545 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.17545/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 42 of its 431 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Oct 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 42)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Variational Quantum Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.09265/) (2020)
- [The effect of data encoding on the expressive power of variational quantum machine learning models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.08605/) (2020)
- [Quantum Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09347/) (2016)
- [Predicting Many Properties of a Quantum System from Very Few Measurements](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.08953/) (2020)
- [Quantum advantage in learning from experiments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.00778/) (2021)
- [Towards the Science of Security and Privacy in Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.03814/) (2016)
- [Quantum circuit architecture search for variational quantum algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.10217/) (2020)
- [Automated Machine Learning: From Principles to Practices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.13306/) (2018)
- [Quantum Natural Language Processing on Near-Term Quantum Computers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.04147/) (2020)
- [Optimal Quantum Sample Complexity of Learning Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.00932/) (2016)
- [Quantum Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning with a Generative Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08451/) (2021)
- [Grammar-aware sentence classification on quantum computers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.03756/) (2020)
- [PennyLane: Automatic differentiation of hybrid quantum-classical computations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.04968/) (2018)
- [(Pseudo) Random Quantum States with Binary Phase](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.10611/) (2019)
- [Neural network state estimation for full quantum state tomography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.06654/) (2018)
- [A Theoretical Framework for Learning from Quantum Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.06406/) (2021)
- [Cryptography from Pseudorandom Quantum States](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10020/) (2021)
- [Differential Privacy Amplification in Quantum and Quantum-inspired Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.03604/) (2022)
- [Quantum Internet: Networking Challenges in Distributed Quantum Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.08421/) (2018)
- [Quantum Internet: from Communication to Distributed Computing!](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.04360/) (2018)
- [Quantum Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1510.05836/) (2015)
- [Quantum non-malleability and authentication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.04214/) (2016)
- [Security in Quantum Cryptography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00021/) (2021)
- [A Unified Framework For Quantum Unforgeability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13994/) (2021)
- [Quantum commitments and signatures without one-way functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06369/) (2021)
- [Learning Classical Readout Quantum PUFs based on single-qubit gates](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06661/) (2021)
- [Machine learning applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09414/) (2022)
- [A Note on Quantum Security for Post-Quantum Cryptography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.2187/) (2014)
- [Semantic Security and Indistinguishability in the Quantum World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.05255/) (2015)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The impossibility of creating perfect identical copies of unknown quantum systems is a fundamental concept in quantum theory and one of the main non-classical properties of quantum information. This limitation imposed by quantum mechanics, famously known as the no-cloning theorem, has played a central role in quantum cryptography as a key component in the security of quantum protocols. In this thesis, we look at Unclonability in a broader context in physics and computer science and more specifically through the lens of cryptography, learnability and hardware assumptions. We introduce new notions of unclonability in the quantum world, namely quantum physical unclonability, and study the relationship with cryptographic properties and assumptions such as unforgeability, and quantum pseudorandomness. The purpose of this study is to bring new insights into the field of quantum cryptanalysis and into the notion of unclonability itself. We also discuss several applications of this new type of unclonability as a cryptographic resource for designing provably secure quantum protocols. Furthermore, we present a new practical cryptanalysis technique concerning the problem of approximate cloning of quantum states. We design a quantum machine learning-based cryptanalysis algorithm to demonstrate the power of quantum learning tools as both attack strategies and powerful tools for the practical study of quantum unclonability.