# ROMA: Run-Time Object Detection To Maximize Real-Time Accuracy

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.16083 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.16083/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 23 of its 35 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Oct 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.7495/) (2014)
- [YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.10934/) (2020)
- [Neural Architecture Search with Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.01578/) (2016)
- [EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.09070/) (2019)
- [MnasNet: Platform-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mobile](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.11626/) (2018)
- [Once-for-All: Train One Network and Specialize it for Efficient Deployment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.09791/) (2019)
- [FBNet: Hardware-Aware Efficient ConvNet Design via Differentiable Neural Architecture Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03443/) (2018)
- [AMC: AutoML for Model Compression and Acceleration on Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.03494/) (2018)
- [Domain Separation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06019/) (2016)
- [Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.12605/) (2019)
- [Slimmable Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08928/) (2018)
- [NISP: Pruning Networks using Neuron Importance Score Propagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.05908/) (2017)
- [Speed/accuracy trade-offs for modern convolutional object detectors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.10012/) (2016)
- [Can Autonomous Vehicles Identify, Recover From, and Adapt to Distribution Shifts?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.14911/) (2020)
- [MOTChallenge 2015: Towards a Benchmark for Multi-Target Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.01942/) (2015)
- [NestDNN: Resource-Aware Multi-Tenant On-Device Deep Learning for Continuous Mobile Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.10090/) (2018)
- [Dynamic-OFA: Runtime DNN Architecture Switching for Performance Scaling on Heterogeneous Embedded Platforms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.03596/) (2021)
- [ApproxDet: Content and Contention-Aware Approximate Object Detection for Mobiles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.10754/) (2020)
- [Optimizing Deep Learning Inference on Embedded Systems Through Adaptive Model Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.04946/) (2019)
- [TOD: Transprecise Object Detection to Maximise Real-Time Accuracy on the Edge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08668/) (2021)
- [Performance-Oriented Neural Architecture Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.02976/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [DyRoNet: Dynamic Routing and Low-Rank Adapters for Autonomous Driving Streaming Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05050/) (2024)
- [Polymorph: Energy-Efficient Multi-Label Classification for Video Streams on Embedded Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.14959/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper analyzes the effects of dynamically varying video contents and detection latency on the real-time detection accuracy of a detector and proposes a new run-time accuracy variation model, ROMA, based on the findings from the analysis. ROMA is designed to select an optimal detector out of a set of detectors in real time without label information to maximize real-time object detection accuracy. ROMA utilizing four YOLOv4 detectors on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano shows real-time accuracy improvements by 4 to 37% for a scenario of dynamically varying video contents and detection latency consisting of MOT17Det and MOT20Det datasets, compared to individual YOLOv4 detectors and two state-of-the-art runtime techniques.