# PSVRF: Learning to restore Pitch-Shifted Voice without reference

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02731 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02731/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 26 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06377/) (2021)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00667/) (2022)
- [WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.03499/) (2016)
- [DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.09761/) (2020)
- [HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.05646/) (2020)
- [VoxCeleb2: Deep Speaker Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.05622/) (2018)
- [VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.08612/) (2017)
- [AST: Audio Spectrogram Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01778/) (2021)
- [ECAPA-TDNN: Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN Based Speaker Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.07143/) (2020)
- [AISHELL-1: An Open-Source Mandarin Speech Corpus and A Speech Recognition Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.05522/) (2017)
- [SSAST: Self-Supervised Audio Spectrogram Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.09784/) (2021)
- [Automatic speaker verification spoofing and deepfake detection using wav2vec 2.0 and data augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.12233/) (2022)
- [AISHELL-3: A Multi-speaker Mandarin TTS Corpus and the Baselines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11567/) (2020)
- [DiffGAN-TTS: High-Fidelity and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Denoising Diffusion GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11972/) (2022)
- [When Automatic Voice Disguise Meets Automatic Speaker Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.06863/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Pitch scaling algorithms have a significant impact on the security of Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems. Although numerous anti-spoofing algorithms have been proposed to identify the pitch-shifted voice and even restore it to the original version, they either have poor performance or require the original voice as a reference, limiting the prospects of applications. In this paper, we propose a no-reference approach termed PSVRF1 for high-quality restoration of pitch-shifted voice. Experiments on AISHELL-1 and AISHELL-3 demonstrate that PSVRF can restore the voice disguised by various pitch-scaling techniques, which obviously enhances the robustness of ASV systems to pitch-scaling attacks. Furthermore, the performance of PSVRF even surpasses that of the state-of-the-art reference-based approach.