# Combining Theory of Mind and Abduction for Cooperation under Imperfect Information

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.15279 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.15279/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Suspicion-Agent: Playing Imperfect Information Games with Theory of Mind Aware GPT-4](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.17277/) (2023)
- [IDEA: Enhancing the Rule Learning Ability of Large Language Model Agent through Induction, Deduction, and Abduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.10455/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we formalise and implement an agent model for cooperation under imperfect information. It is based on Theory of Mind (the cognitive ability to understand the mental state of others) and abductive reasoning (the inference paradigm that computes explanations from observations). The combination of these two techniques allows agents to derive the motives behind the actions of their peers, and incorporate this knowledge into their own decision-making. We have implemented this model in a totally domain-independent fashion and successfully tested it for the cooperative card game Hanabi.