# VToonify: Controllable High-Resolution Portrait Video Style Transfer

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11224 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.11224/

## Key facts

- Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 46 of its 62 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 46)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.04948/) (2018)
- [Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.07004/) (2016)
- [Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04958/) (2019)
- [Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.08155/) (2016)
- [RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.12039/) (2020)
- [Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.06676/) (2020)
- [Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12423/) (2021)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.11585/) (2017)
- [FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.08971/) (2019)
- [Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00951/) (2020)
- [Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.10593/) (2017)
- [First Order Motion Model for Image Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00196/) (2020)
- [Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10786/) (2019)
- [Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03189/) (2019)
- [BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.00897/) (2018)
- [GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controls](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.02546/) (2020)
- [Designing an Encoder for StyleGAN Image Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02766/) (2021)
- [Pivotal Tuning for Latent-based Editing of Real Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05744/) (2021)
- [Closed-Form Factorization of Latent Semantics in GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.06600/) (2020)
- [GAN Inversion: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.05278/) (2021)
- [ReStyle: A Residual-Based StyleGAN Encoder via Iterative Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02699/) (2021)
- [HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.15666/) (2021)
- [High-Fidelity GAN Inversion for Image Attribute Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.06590/) (2021)
- [U-GAT-IT: Unsupervised Generative Attentional Networks with Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization for Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10830/) (2019)
- [Depth-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Talking Head Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.06605/) (2022)
- [StyleGAN-NADA: CLIP-Guided Domain Adaptation of Image Generators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.00946/) (2021)
- [GLEAN: Generative Latent Bank for Large-Factor Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.00739/) (2020)
- [Talk-to-Edit: Fine-Grained Facial Editing via Dialog](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04425/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [SparseNeRF: Distilling Depth Ranking for Few-shot Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16196/) (2023)
- [Human-Art: A Versatile Human-Centric Dataset Bridging Natural and Artificial Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.02760/) (2023)
- [AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00547/) (2023)
- [Self-Supervised Geometry-Aware Encoder for Style-Based 3D GAN Inversion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.07409/) (2022)
- [TextToon: Real-Time Text Toonify Head Avatar from Single Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07160/) (2024)
- [StyleGANEX: StyleGAN-Based Manipulation Beyond Cropped Aligned Faces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.06146/) (2023)
- [Generative AI for Cel-Animation: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06250/) (2025)
- [Scenimefy: Learning to Craft Anime Scene via Semi-Supervised Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.12968/) (2023)
- [Portrait Video Editing Empowered by Multimodal Generative Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.13591/) (2024)
- [DeformToon3D: Deformable 3D Toonification from Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.04410/) (2023)
- [Deep Learning Approaches for Seizure Video Analysis: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.10930/) (2023)
- [Hand-Object Interaction Controller (HOIC): Deep Reinforcement Learning for Reconstructing Interactions with Physics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02676/) (2024)
- [Fix the Noise: Disentangling Source Feature for Controllable Domain Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11545/) (2023)
- [AlteredAvatar: Stylizing Dynamic 3D Avatars with Fast Style Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.19245/) (2023)
- [BeautyBank: Encoding Facial Makeup in Latent Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.11231/) (2024)
- [Multi-Modal Face Stylization with a Generative Prior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18009/) (2023)
- [FISTNet: FusIon of STyle-path generative Networks for Facial Style Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09020/) (2023)
- [CosAvatar: Consistent and Animatable Portrait Video Tuning with Text Prompt](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18288/) (2023)
- [Coarse-to-Fine Structure-Aware Artistic Style Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.05387/) (2025)
- [High-Fidelity Image Inpainting with Multimodal Guided GAN Inversion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12844/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Generating high-quality artistic portrait videos is an important and desirable task in computer graphics and vision. Although a series of successful portrait image toonification models built upon the powerful StyleGAN have been proposed, these image-oriented methods have obvious limitations when applied to videos, such as the fixed frame size, the requirement of face alignment, missing non-facial details and temporal inconsistency. In this work, we investigate the challenging controllable high-resolution portrait video style transfer by introducing a novel VToonify framework. Specifically, VToonify leverages the mid- and high-resolution layers of StyleGAN to render high-quality artistic portraits based on the multi-scale content features extracted by an encoder to better preserve the frame details. The resulting fully convolutional architecture accepts non-aligned faces in videos of variable size as input, contributing to complete face regions with natural motions in the output. Our framework is compatible with existing StyleGAN-based image toonification models to extend them to video toonification, and inherits appealing features of these models for flexible style control on color and intensity. This work presents two instantiations of VToonify built upon Toonify and DualStyleGAN for collection-based and exemplar-based portrait video style transfer, respectively. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed VToonify framework over existing methods in generating high-quality and temporally-coherent artistic portrait videos with flexible style controls.