# Deep Q-Network for AI Soccer

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.09491 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.09491/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 17 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.06347/) (2017)
- [Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.01290/) (2018)
- [Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.02971/) (2015)
- [Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.5602/) (2013)
- [ViZDoom Competitions: Playing Doom from Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.03470/) (2018)
- [The Dota 2 Bot Competition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02943/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement learning has shown an outstanding performance in the applications of games, particularly in Atari games as well as Go. Based on these successful examples, we attempt to apply one of the well-known reinforcement learning algorithms, Deep Q-Network, to the AI Soccer game. AI Soccer is a 5:5 robot soccer game where each participant develops an algorithm that controls five robots in a team to defeat the opponent participant. Deep Q-Network is designed to implement our original rewards, the state space, and the action space to train each agent so that it can take proper actions in different situations during the game. Our algorithm was able to successfully train the agents, and its performance was preliminarily proven through the mini-competition against 10 teams wishing to take part in the AI Soccer international competition. The competition was organized by the AI World Cup committee, in conjunction with the WCG 2019 Xi'an AI Masters. With our algorithm, we got the achievement of advancing to the round of 16 in this international competition with 130 teams from 39 countries.