# Overhead-Free Blockage Detection and Precoding Through Physics-Based Graph Neural Networks: LIDAR Data Meets Ray Tracing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.07350 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07350/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 16 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Sep 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Integrating Scientific Knowledge with Machine Learning for Engineering and Environmental Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.04919/) (2020)
- [Vision-Aided 6G Wireless Communications: Blockage Prediction and Proactive Handoff](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09527/) (2021)
- [Millimeter Wave Base Stations with Cameras: Vision Aided Beam and Blockage Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.06255/) (2019)
- [5G MIMO Data for Machine Learning: Application to Beam-Selection using Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05370/) (2021)
- [LIDAR Data for Deep Learning-Based mmWave Beam-Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07488/) (2019)
- [Federated mmWave Beam Selection Utilizing LIDAR Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02802/) (2021)
- [LIDAR and Position-Aided mmWave Beam Selection with Non-local CNNs and Curriculum Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14579/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Multi-Modality Sensing in mmWave Beamforming for Connected Vehicles Using Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.06173/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this letter, we address blockage detection and precoder design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links, without communication overhead required. Blockage detection is achieved by classifying light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data through a physics-based graph neural network (GNN). For precoder design, a preliminary channel estimate is obtained by running ray tracing on a 3D surface obtained from LIDAR data. This estimate is successively refined and the precoder is designed accordingly. Numerical simulations show that blockage detection is successful with 95% accuracy. Our digital precoding achieves 90% of the capacity and analog precoding outperforms previous works exploiting LIDAR for precoder design.