# Bridging between LegalRuleML and TPTP for Automated Normative Reasoning (extended version)

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.05090 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.05090/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Extensional Higher-Order Paramodulation in Leo-III](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11501/) (2019)
- [Enabling Reasoning with LegalRuleML](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.06128/) (2017)
- [Automated Reasoning in Non-classical Logics in the TPTP World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.09836/) (2022)
- [An Extensible Logic Embedding Tool for Lightweight Non-Classical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.12352/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Safety without alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00752/) (2023)
- [A Reduction of Input/Output Logics to SAT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16242/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

LegalRuleML is a comprehensive XML-based representation framework for modeling and exchanging normative rules. The TPTP input and output formats, on the other hand, are general-purpose standards for the interaction with automated reasoning systems. In this paper we provide a bridge between the two communities by (i) defining a logic-pluralistic normative reasoning language based on the TPTP format, (ii) providing a translation scheme between relevant fragments of LegalRuleML and this language, and (iii) proposing a flexible architecture for automated normative reasoning based on this translation. We exemplarily instantiate and demonstrate the approach with three different normative logics.