# AST-GIN: Attribute-Augmented Spatial-Temporal Graph Informer Network for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Availability Forecasting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03356 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.03356/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 14 of its 49 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Sep 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Informer: Beyond Efficient Transformer for Long Sequence Time-Series Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.07436/) (2020)
- [Convolutional LSTM Network: A Machine Learning Approach for Precipitation Nowcasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.04214/) (2015)
- [T-GCN: A Temporal Graph ConvolutionalNetwork for Traffic Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.05320/) (2018)
- [Graph Neural Network for Traffic Forecasting: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.11174/) (2021)
- [Transformer Dissection: A Unified Understanding of Transformer's Attention via the Lens of Kernel](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.11775/) (2019)
- [Spatial-Temporal Transformer Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.02908/) (2020)
- [Learning Traffic as Images: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Large-Scale Transportation Network Speed Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.04245/) (2017)
- [Deep Sequence Learning with Auxiliary Information for Traffic Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.07380/) (2018)
- [AST-GCN: Attribute-Augmented Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.11004/) (2020)
- [Multistep Electric Vehicle Charging Station Occupancy Prediction using Hybrid LSTM Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04986/) (2021)
- [Optimal queueing-based rebalancing for one-way electric carsharing systems with stochastic demand](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.02815/) (2021)
- [A node-charge graph-based online carshare rebalancing policy with capacitated electric charging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.07282/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Dense-TNT: Efficient Vehicle Type Classification Neural Network Using Satellite Imagery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.13500/) (2022)
- [STGIN: A Spatial Temporal Graph-Informer Network for Long Sequence Traffic Speed Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.01799/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand and charging station availability forecasting is one of the challenges in the intelligent transportation system. With the accurate EV station situation prediction, suitable charging behaviors could be scheduled in advance to relieve range anxiety. Many existing deep learning methods are proposed to address this issue, however, due to the complex road network structure and comprehensive external factors, such as point of interests (POIs) and weather effects, many commonly used algorithms could just extract the historical usage information without considering comprehensive influence of external factors. To enhance the prediction accuracy and interpretability, the Attribute-Augmented Spatial-Temporal Graph Informer (AST-GIN) structure is proposed in this study by combining the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) layer and the Informer layer to extract both external and internal spatial-temporal dependence of relevant transportation data. And the external factors are modeled as dynamic attributes by the attribute-augmented encoder for training. AST-GIN model is tested on the data collected in Dundee City and experimental results show the effectiveness of our model considering external factors influence over various horizon settings compared with other baselines.