# Learned Lossless JPEG Transcoding via Joint Lossy and Residual Compression

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.11673 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.11673/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 20 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.0575/) (2014)
- [Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.6114/) (2013)
- [Variational image compression with a scale hyperprior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.01436/) (2018)
- [End-to-end Optimized Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.01704/) (2016)
- [Joint Autoregressive and Hierarchical Priors for Learned Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02736/) (2018)
- [Learned Image Compression with Discretized Gaussian Mixture Likelihoods and Attention Modules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.01568/) (2020)
- [PixelCNN++: Improving the PixelCNN with Discretized Logistic Mixture Likelihood and Other Modifications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.05517/) (2017)
- [Lossy Image Compression with Compressive Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.00395/) (2017)
- [Generating Images with Sparse Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03841/) (2021)
- [Practical Full Resolution Learned Lossless Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.12817/) (2018)
- [Practical Lossless Compression with Latent Variables using Bits Back Coding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.04866/) (2019)
- [Integer Discrete Flows and Lossless Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07376/) (2019)
- [Bit-Swap: Recursive Bits-Back Coding for Lossless Compression with Hierarchical Latent Variables](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.06845/) (2019)
- [Learned Block-based Hybrid Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.09550/) (2020)
- [iVPF: Numerical Invertible Volume Preserving Flow for Efficient Lossless Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16211/) (2021)
- [HST: Hierarchical Swin Transformer for Compressed Image Super-resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.09885/) (2022)
- [SwinIQA: Learned Swin Distance for Compressed Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.04264/) (2022)
- [3-D Context Entropy Model for Improved Practical Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08273/) (2020)
- [Multi-scale Grouped Dense Network for VVC Intra Coding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.07896/) (2020)
- [The Design, Implementation, and Deployment of a System to Transparently Compress Hundreds of Petabytes of Image Files for a File-Storage Service](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.06192/) (2017)

## Abstract (arXiv)

As a commonly-used image compression format, JPEG has been broadly applied in the transmission and storage of images. To further reduce the compression cost while maintaining the quality of JPEG images, lossless transcoding technology has been proposed to recompress the compressed JPEG image in the DCT domain. Previous works, on the other hand, typically reduce the redundancy of DCT coefficients and optimize the probability prediction of entropy coding in a hand-crafted manner that lacks generalization ability and flexibility. To tackle the above challenge, we propose the learned lossless JPEG transcoding framework via Joint Lossy and Residual Compression. Instead of directly optimizing the entropy estimation, we focus on the redundancy that exists in the DCT coefficients. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to utilize the learned end-to-end lossy transform coding to reduce the redundancy of DCT coefficients in a compact representational domain. We also introduce residual compression for lossless transcoding, which adaptively learns the distribution of residual DCT coefficients before compressing them using context-based entropy coding. Our proposed transcoding architecture shows significant superiority in the compression of JPEG images thanks to the collaboration of learned lossy transform coding and residual entropy coding. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets have demonstrated that our proposed framework can achieve about 21.49% bits saving in average based on JPEG compression, which outperforms the typical lossless transcoding framework JPEG-XL by 3.51%.