# Simulating Personal Food Consumption Patterns using a Modified Markov Chain

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06709 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.06709/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)
- [Wide Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07146/) (2016)
- [Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.10566/) (2020)
- [Incremental Learning In Online Scenario](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13191/) (2020)
- [Online Continual Learning For Visual Food Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06781/) (2021)
- [Visual Aware Hierarchy Based Food Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.03368/) (2020)
- [Multi-Task Image-Based Dietary Assessment for Food Recognition and Portion Size Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.13188/) (2020)
- [An End-to-End Food Image Analysis System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00645/) (2021)
- [Towards Learning Food Portion From Monocular Images With Cross-Domain Feature Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.07562/) (2021)
- [An Integrated System for Mobile Image-Based Dietary Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01754/) (2021)
- [Exemplar-free Online Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.05491/) (2022)
- [Improving Dietary Assessment Via Integrated Hierarchy Food Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.02736/) (2021)
- [Personalized Classifier for Food Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.04600/) (2018)
- [Evaluating color texture descriptors under large variations of controlled lighting conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1508.01108/) (2015)

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [An Improved Encoder-Decoder Framework for Food Energy Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.00468/) (2023)
- [Muti-Stage Hierarchical Food Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01075/) (2023)
- [Personalized Food Image Classification: Benchmark Datasets and New Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08744/) (2023)
- [Conditional Synthetic Food Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09005/) (2023)
- [Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Multimodal Models for Nutrition Analysis: A New Benchmark Enriched with Contextual Metadata](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.07048/) (2025)
- [Food Portion Estimation: From Pixels to Calories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.05078/) (2026)
- [Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning on Food Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09046/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Food image classification serves as the foundation of image-based dietary assessment to predict food categories. Since there are many different food classes in real life, conventional models cannot achieve sufficiently high accuracy. Personalized classifiers aim to largely improve the accuracy of food image classification for each individual. However, a lack of public personal food consumption data proves to be a challenge for training such models. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework to simulate personal food consumption data patterns, leveraging the use of a modified Markov chain model and self-supervised learning. Our method is capable of creating an accurate future data pattern from a limited amount of initial data, and our simulated data patterns can be closely correlated with the initial data pattern. Furthermore, we use Dynamic Time Warping distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence as metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of our method on the public Food-101 dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate promising performance compared with random simulation and the original Markov chain method.