# Phrase translation using a bilingual dictionary and n-gram data: A case study from Vietnamese to English

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.03018 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.03018/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 0 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A Data-Driven Approach to Idiomaticity Based on Experts' Criteria in Theoretical Linguistics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.19575/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Past approaches to translate a phrase in a language L1 to a language L2 using a dictionary-based approach require grammar rules to restructure initial translations. This paper introduces a novel method without using any grammar rules to translate a given phrase in L1, which does not exist in the dictionary, to L2. We require at least one L1-L2 bilingual dictionary and n-gram data in L2. The average manual evaluation score of our translations is 4.29/5.00, which implies very high quality.