# LSSANet: A Long Short Slice-Aware Network for Pulmonary Nodule Detection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.02122 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.02122/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 17 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Aug 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 17 of 17)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04861/) (2017)
- [SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.02325/) (2015)
- [Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05431/) (2016)
- [Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02357/) (2016)
- [Non-local Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.07971/) (2017)
- [Group Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.08494/) (2018)
- [Evaluate the Malignancy of Pulmonary Nodules Using the 3D Deep Leaky Noisy-or Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.08324/) (2017)
- [DeepLung: Deep 3D Dual Path Nets for Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection and Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.09555/) (2018)
- [Compact Generalized Non-local Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.13125/) (2018)
- [Accurate Pulmonary Nodule Detection in Computed Tomography Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.04303/) (2017)
- [NoduleNet: Decoupled False Positive Reductionfor Pulmonary Nodule Detection and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11320/) (2019)
- [A 3D Probabilistic Deep Learning System for Detection and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using Low-Dose CT Scans](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.03233/) (2019)
- [DeepSEED: 3D Squeeze-and-Excitation Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Networks for Pulmonary Nodule Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03501/) (2019)
- [Multi-Scale Gradual Integration CNN for False Positive Reduction in Pulmonary Nodule Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.10581/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Deep Rib Fracture Instance Segmentation and Classification from CT on the RibFrac Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.09372/) (2024)
- [Rethinking the Localization in Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06161/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Cross-domain Pulmonary Nodule Detection without Source Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01085/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been demonstrated to be highly effective in the field of pulmonary nodule detection. However, existing CNN based pulmonary nodule detection methods lack the ability to capture long-range dependencies, which is vital for global information extraction. In computer vision tasks, non-local operations have been widely utilized, but the computational cost could be very high for 3D computed tomography (CT) images. To address this issue, we propose a long short slice-aware network (LSSANet) for the detection of pulmonary nodules. In particular, we develop a new non-local mechanism termed long short slice grouping (LSSG), which splits the compact non-local embeddings into a short-distance slice grouped one and a long-distance slice grouped counterpart. This not only reduces the computational burden, but also keeps long-range dependencies among any elements across slices and in the whole feature map. The proposed LSSG is easy-to-use and can be plugged into many pulmonary nodule detection networks. To verify the performance of LSSANet, we compare with several recently proposed and competitive detection approaches based on 2D/3D CNN. Promising evaluation results on the large-scale PN9 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Code is at https://github.com/Ruixxxx/LSSANet.