# DeFakePro: Decentralized DeepFake Attacks Detection using ENF Authentication

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.13070 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.13070/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Jul 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00667/) (2022)
- [Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.08685/) (2020)
- [Watch your Up-Convolution: CNN Based Generative Deep Neural Networks are Failing to Reproduce Spectral Distributions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01826/) (2020)
- [Media Forensics and DeepFakes: an overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06564/) (2020)
- [Do GANs leave artificial fingerprints?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.11842/) (2018)
- [FakeBuster: A DeepFakes Detection Tool for Video Conferencing Scenarios](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.03321/) (2021)
- [Zooming Into Video Conferencing Privacy and Security Threats](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.01059/) (2020)
- [Real-Time Index Authentication for Event-Oriented Surveillance Video Query using Blockchain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06179/) (2018)
- [Analysis of Rolling Shutter Effect on ENF based Video Forensics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.09889/) (2019)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Advancements in generative models, like Deepfake allows users to imitate a targeted person and manipulate online interactions. It has been recognized that disinformation may cause disturbance in society and ruin the foundation of trust. This article presents DeFakePro, a decentralized consensus mechanism-based Deepfake detection technique in online video conferencing tools. Leveraging Electrical Network Frequency (ENF), an environmental fingerprint embedded in digital media recording, affords a consensus mechanism design called Proof-of-ENF (PoENF) algorithm. The similarity in ENF signal fluctuations is utilized in the PoENF algorithm to authenticate the media broadcasted in conferencing tools. By utilizing the video conferencing setup with malicious participants to broadcast deep fake video recordings to other participants, the DeFakePro system verifies the authenticity of the incoming media in both audio and video channels.