# A Comprehensive Survey on the Cyber-Security of Smart Grids: Cyber-Attacks, Detection, Countermeasure Techniques, and Future Directions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07738 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.07738/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 185 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Jun 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01015/) (2017)
- [Cyber-Security in Smart Grid: Survey and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02609/) (2018)
- [Smart Grid Cyber Attacks Detection using Supervised Learning and Heuristic Feature Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.03313/) (2019)
- [A Novel Jamming Attacks Detection Approach Based on Machine Learning for Wireless Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.07308/) (2020)
- [Security Aspects of Internet of Things aided Smart Grids: a Bibliometric Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00915/) (2020)
- [The Enhancement of Communication Technologies and Networks for Smart Grid Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1403.0530/) (2014)
- [Authentication schemes for Smart Mobile Devices: Threat Models, Countermeasures, and Open Research Issues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.10281/) (2018)
- [Security Attacks on Smart Grid Scheduling and Their Defences: A Game-Theoretic Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.07670/) (2018)
- [Time Synchronization Attack and Countermeasure for Multi-System Scheduling in Remote Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07036/) (2019)
- [KaFHCa: Key-establishment via Frequency Hopping Collisions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.09642/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Tackling Cyberattacks through AI-based Reactive Systems: A Holistic Review and Future Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06229/) (2023)
- [Hybrid CNN-LSTM Framework for Intelligent Cyber Attack Detection and Prevention in U.S. Critical Digital Infrastructure: A Comparative Machine Learning Evaluation on CSE-CIC-IDS2018](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.05714/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

One of the significant challenges that smart grid networks face is cyber-security. Several studies have been conducted to highlight those security challenges. However, the majority of these surveys classify attacks based on the security requirements, confidentiality, integrity, and availability, without taking into consideration the accountability requirement. In addition, some of these surveys focused on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, which does not differentiate between the application, session, and presentation and the data link and physical layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. In this survey paper, we provide a classification of attacks based on the OSI model and discuss in more detail the cyber-attacks that can target the different layers of smart grid networks communication. We also propose new classifications for the detection and countermeasure techniques and describe existing techniques under each category. Finally, we discuss challenges and future research directions.