# APPFLChain: A Privacy Protection Distributed Artificial-Intelligence Architecture Based on Federated Learning and Consortium Blockchain

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.12790 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.12790/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 12 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Federated Learning: Strategies for Improving Communication Efficiency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.05492/) (2016)
- [Towards Federated Learning at Scale: System Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.01046/) (2019)
- [Exploiting Unintended Feature Leakage in Collaborative Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.04049/) (2018)
- [Deep Models Under the GAN: Information Leakage from Collaborative Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.07464/) (2017)
- [Mitigating Sybils in Federated Learning Poisoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.04866/) (2018)
- [Federated Learning Meets Blockchain in Edge Computing: Opportunities and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01776/) (2021)
- [Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.10228/) (2018)
- [Decentralized & Collaborative AI on Blockchain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.07247/) (2019)
- [Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.00245/) (2019)
- [Blockchain-oriented Software Engineering: Challenges and New Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.05146/) (2017)
- [Application of Blockchain and Internet of Things to Ensure Tamper-Proof Data Availability for Food Safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.01307/) (2020)
- [Lolisa: Formal syntax and semantics for a subset of the solidity programming language in Mathematical Tool Coq](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.09885/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent research in Internet of things has been widely applied for industrial practices, fostering the exponential growth of data and connected devices. Henceforth, data-driven AI models would be accessed by different parties through certain data-sharing policies. However, most of the current training procedures rely on the centralized data-collection strategy and a single computational server. However, such a centralized scheme may lead to many issues. Customer data stored in a centralized database may be tampered with so the provenance and authenticity of data cannot be justified. Once the aforementioned security concerns occur, the credibility of the trained AI models would be questionable and even unfavorable outcomes might be produced at the test stage. Lately, blockchain and AI, the two core technologies in Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0, have been explored to facilitate the decentralized AI training strategy. To serve on this very purpose, we propose a new system architecture called APPFLChain, namely an integrated architecture of a Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain and a federated-learning paradigm. Our proposed new system allows different parties to jointly train AI models and their customers or stakeholders are connected by a consortium blockchain-based network. Our new system can maintain a high degree of security and privacy as users do not need to share sensitive personal information to the server. For numerical evaluation, we simulate a real-world scenario to illustrate the whole operational process of APPFLChain. Simulation results show that taking advantage of the characteristics of consortium blockchain and federated learning, APPFLChain can demonstrate favorable properties including untamperability, traceability, privacy protection, and reliable decision-making.