# Semi-supervised Change Detection of Small Water Bodies Using RGB and Multispectral Images in Peruvian Rainforests

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.09365 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.09365/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 25 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Unsupervised Clustering and Active Learning of Hyperspectral Images with Nonlinear Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.07961/) (2017)
- [A Three-stage Approach for Segmenting Degraded Color Images: Smoothing, Lifting and Thresholding (SLaT)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.00060/) (2015)
- [Active Diffusion and VCA-Assisted Image Segmentation of Hyperspectral Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06298/) (2022)
- [A two-stage method for spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00836/) (2018)
- [Classification of Hyperspectral Images Using SVM with Shape-adaptive Reconstruction and Smoothed Total Variation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15619/) (2022)
- [A 3-stage Spectral-spatial Method for Hyperspectral Image Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.09294/) (2022)
- [Unsupervised Spatial-spectral Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction and Clustering with Diffusion Geometry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.13497/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Superpixel-based and Spatially-regularized Diffusion Learning for Unsupervised Hyperspectral Image Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15447/) (2023)
- [PalmProbNet: A Probabilistic Approach to Understanding Palm Distributions in Ecuadorian Tropical Forest via Transfer Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.03161/) (2024)
- [Real-Time Localization and Bimodal Point Pattern Analysis of Palms Using UAV Imagery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.11124/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is an important source of income for many households, but it can have large social and environmental effects, especially in rainforests of developing countries. The Sentinel-2 satellites collect multispectral images that can be used for the purpose of detecting changes in water extent and quality which indicates the locations of mining sites. This work focuses on the recognition of ASGM activities in Peruvian Amazon rainforests. We tested several semi-supervised classifiers based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to detect the changes of water bodies from 2019 to 2021 in the Madre de Dios region, which is one of the global hotspots of ASGM activities. Experiments show that SVM-based models can achieve reasonable performance for both RGB (using Cohen's kappa 0.49) and 6-channel images (using Cohen's kappa 0.71) with very limited annotations. The efficacy of incorporating Lab color space for change detection is analyzed as well.