# i-FlatCam: A 253 FPS, 91.49 μJ/Frame Ultra-Compact Intelligent Lensless Camera for Real-Time and Efficient Eye Tracking in VR/AR

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.08141 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.08141/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [JaneEye: A 12-nm 2K-FPS 18.9-μJ/Frame Event-based Eye Tracking Accelerator](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.01213/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present a first-of-its-kind ultra-compact intelligent camera system, dubbed i-FlatCam, including a lensless camera with a computational (Comp.) chip. It highlights (1) a predict-then-focus eye tracking pipeline for boosted efficiency without compromising the accuracy, (2) a unified compression scheme for single-chip processing and improved frame rate per second (FPS), and (3) dedicated intra-channel reuse design for depth-wise convolutional layers (DW-CONV) to increase utilization. i-FlatCam demonstrates the first eye tracking pipeline with a lensless camera and achieves 3.16 degrees of accuracy, 253 FPS, 91.49 μJ/Frame, and 6.7mm x 8.9mm x 1.2mm camera form factor, paving the way for next-generation Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) devices.