# Automatically Drafting Ontologies from Competency Questions with FrODO

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.02485 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.02485/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Pattern-based design applied to cultural heritage knowledge graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.07585/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [An Experiment in Retrofitting Competency Questions for Existing Ontologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05662/) (2023)
- [Bench4KE: Benchmarking Automated Competency Question Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24554/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present the Frame-based ontology Design Outlet (FrODO), a novel method and tool for drafting ontologies from competency questions automatically. Competency questions are expressed as natural language and are a common solution for representing requirements in a number of agile ontology engineering methodologies, such as the eXtreme Design (XD) or SAMOD. FrODO builds on top of FRED. In fact, it leverages the frame semantics for drawing domain-relevant boundaries around the RDF produced by FRED from a competency question, thus drafting domain ontologies. We carried out a user-based study for assessing FrODO in supporting engineers for ontology design tasks. The study shows that FrODO is effective in this and the resulting ontology drafts are qualitative.