# Graph-level Neural Networks: Current Progress and Future Directions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15555 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.15555/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 71 of its 100 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 May 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 71)

- [How Powerful are Graph Neural Networks?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.00826/) (2018)
- [Neural Message Passing for Quantum Chemistry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.01212/) (2017)
- [A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.00596/) (2019)
- [Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00687/) (2020)
- [Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.01261/) (2018)
- [Learning deep representations by mutual information estimation and maximization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.06670/) (2018)
- [Graph Contrastive Learning with Augmentations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13902/) (2020)
- [Spectral Networks and Locally Connected Networks on Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.6203/) (2013)
- [E(n) Equivariant Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09844/) (2021)
- [Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-order Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.02244/) (2018)
- [Hierarchical Graph Representation Learning with Differentiable Pooling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.08804/) (2018)
- [Convolutional Networks on Graphs for Learning Molecular Fingerprints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.09292/) (2015)
- [GNNExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.03894/) (2019)
- [Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00982/) (2020)
- [On the Bottleneck of Graph Neural Networks and its Practical Implications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.05205/) (2020)
- [Graph U-Nets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05178/) (2019)
- [GCC: Graph Contrastive Coding for Graph Neural Network Pre-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.09963/) (2020)
- [InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.01000/) (2019)
- [Parameterized Explainer for Graph Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.04573/) (2020)
- [Self-Attention Graph Pooling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08082/) (2019)
- [GraphRNN: Generating Realistic Graphs with Deep Auto-regressive Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.08773/) (2018)
- [Deep Learning on Graphs: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.04202/) (2018)
- [Provably Powerful Graph Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11136/) (2019)
- [Explainability in Graph Neural Networks: A Taxonomic Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.15445/) (2020)
- [GemNet: Universal Directional Graph Neural Networks for Molecules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.08903/) (2021)
- [Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.05273/) (2016)
- [Improving Graph Neural Network Expressivity via Subgraph Isomorphism Counting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.09252/) (2020)
- [Dynamic Edge-Conditioned Filters in Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.02901/) (2017)
- [Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.02136/) (2015)
- [The Open Catalyst 2020 (OC20) Dataset and Community Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.09990/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Graph-structured data consisting of objects (i.e., nodes) and relationships among objects (i.e., edges) are ubiquitous. Graph-level learning is a matter of studying a collection of graphs instead of a single graph. Traditional graph-level learning methods used to be the mainstream. However, with the increasing scale and complexity of graphs, Graph-level Neural Networks (GLNNs, deep learning-based graph-level learning methods) have been attractive due to their superiority in modeling high-dimensional data. Thus, a survey on GLNNs is necessary. To frame this survey, we propose a systematic taxonomy covering GLNNs upon deep neural networks, graph neural networks, and graph pooling. The representative and state-of-the-art models in each category are focused on this survey. We also investigate the reproducibility, benchmarks, and new graph datasets of GLNNs. Finally, we conclude future directions to further push forward GLNNs. The repository of this survey is available at https://github.com/GeZhangMQ/Awesome-Graph-level-Neural-Networks.