# On the Impact of Hardware Impairments on RIS-aided Localization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12599 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.12599/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 May 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [AI-driven Wireless Positioning: Fundamentals, Standards, State-of-the-art, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14970/) (2025)
- [Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Downlink Beamforming and RIS Configuration in RIS-aided MU-MISO Systems Under Hardware Impairments and Imperfect CSI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.09702/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We investigate a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field localization system with single-antenna user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) under hardware impairments by considering a practical phase-dependent RIS amplitude variations model. To analyze the localization performance under the mismatch between the practical model and the ideal model with unit-amplitude RIS elements, we employ the misspecified Cram'er-Rao bound (MCRB). Based on the MCRB derivation, the lower bound (LB) on the mean-squared error for estimation of UE position is evaluated and shown to converge to the MCRB at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Simulation results indicate more severe performance degradation due to the model misspecification with increasing SNR. In addition, the mismatched maximum likelihood (MML) estimator is derived and found to be tight to the LB in the high SNR regime. Finally, we observe that the model mismatch can lead to an order-of-magnitude localization performance loss at high SNRs.