# Adaptive Convolutional Dictionary Network for CT Metal Artifact Reduction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07471 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.07471/

## Key facts

- Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 28 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 May 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [DuDoNet: Dual Domain Network for CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.00273/) (2019)
- [Deep Learning to Segment Pelvic Bones: Large-scale CT Datasets and Baseline Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.08721/) (2020)
- [Deep Lesion Graphs in the Wild: Relationship Learning and Organization of Significant Radiology Image Findings in a Diverse Large-scale Lesion Database](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.10535/) (2017)
- [Deep Sinogram Completion with Image Prior for Metal Artifact Reduction in CT Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.07469/) (2020)
- [Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion by MS/HS Fusion Net](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.03281/) (2019)
- [ADN: Artifact Disentanglement Network for Unsupervised Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.01104/) (2019)
- [InDuDoNet: An Interpretable Dual Domain Network for CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05298/) (2021)
- [RCDNet: An Interpretable Rain Convolutional Dictionary Network for Single Image Deraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.06808/) (2021)
- [Low-light Image Enhancement by Retinex Based Algorithm Unrolling and Adjustment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.05972/) (2022)
- [Fast GPU-Based Seismogram Simulation from Microseismic Events in Marine Environments Using Heterogeneous Velocity Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.04874/) (2017)

## Built on by (most cited first, 17 of 17)

- [Rotation Equivariant Proximal Operator for Deep Unfolding Methods in Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15701/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised CT Metal Artifact Reduction by Plugging Diffusion Priors in Dual Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.16742/) (2023)
- [DRPCA-Net: Make Robust PCA Great Again for Infrared Small Target Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.09541/) (2025)
- [Unsupervised Polychromatic Neural Representation for CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.15203/) (2023)
- [Orientation-Shared Convolution Representation for CT Metal Artifact Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.13166/) (2022)
- [Deep Unfolding Convolutional Dictionary Model for Multi-Contrast MRI Super-resolution and Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01171/) (2023)
- [Tomographic Foundation Model -- FORCE: Flow-Oriented Reconstruction Conditioning Engine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.02149/) (2025)
- [Approximate Equivariance via Projection-based Regularisation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.05028/) (2026)
- [Dual-Domain CLIP-Assisted Residual Optimization Perception Model for Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.14342/) (2024)
- [TriDoNet: A Triple Domain Model-driven Network for CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07190/) (2022)
- [Reducing CT Metal Artifacts by Learning Latent Space Alignment with Gemstone Spectral Imaging Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.21259/) (2025)
- [AS-Mamba: Asymmetric Self-Guided Mamba Decoupled Iterative Network for Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.06350/) (2026)
- [Balancing Efficiency and Restoration: Lightweight Mamba-Based Model for CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.06622/) (2026)
- [H3D-MarNet: Wavelet-Guided Dual-Path Learning for Metal Artifact Suppression and CT Modality Transformation for Radiotherapy Workflows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12252/) (2026)
- [GraphMAR: Geometry-Aware Graph Learning Framework for Spatially Adaptive CT Metal Artifact Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.17343/) (2026)
- [Splat-Based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Compact Attenuation Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.04764/) (2026)
- [VoxelSynth3D: Interpretable Volumetric Image-Domain Metal Artifact Reduction with a Paired Synthetic CLINIC Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01512/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Inspired by the great success of deep neural networks, learning-based methods have gained promising performances for metal artifact reduction (MAR) in computed tomography (CT) images. However, most of the existing approaches put less emphasis on modelling and embedding the intrinsic prior knowledge underlying this specific MAR task into their network designs. Against this issue, we propose an adaptive convolutional dictionary network (ACDNet), which leverages both model-based and learning-based methods. Specifically, we explore the prior structures of metal artifacts, e.g., non-local repetitive streaking patterns, and encode them as an explicit weighted convolutional dictionary model. Then, a simple-yet-effective algorithm is carefully designed to solve the model. By unfolding every iterative substep of the proposed algorithm into a network module, we explicitly embed the prior structure into a deep network, i.e., a clear interpretability for the MAR task. Furthermore, our ACDNet can automatically learn the prior for artifact-free CT images via training data and adaptively adjust the representation kernels for each input CT image based on its content. Hence, our method inherits the clear interpretability of model-based methods and maintains the powerful representation ability of learning-based methods. Comprehensive experiments executed on synthetic and clinical datasets show the superiority of our ACDNet in terms of effectiveness and model generalization. colorbluetextitCode is available at urlhttps://github.com/hongwang01/ACDNet.