# Outdoor Monocular Depth Estimation: A Research Review

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01399 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.01399/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 41 of its 67 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 May 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 41)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.02531/) (2015)
- [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06993/) (2016)
- [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4038/) (2014)
- [The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01685/) (2016)
- [Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.03677/) (2016)
- [MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.00607/) (2018)
- [AdaBins: Depth Estimation using Adaptive Bins](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.14141/) (2020)
- [Pyramid Stereo Matching Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.08669/) (2018)
- [Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4734/) (2014)
- [RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.06612/) (2016)
- [Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.00373/) (2016)
- [From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10326/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised CNN for Single View Depth Estimation: Geometry to the Rescue](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.04992/) (2016)
- [End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.04309/) (2017)
- [DIODE: A Dense Indoor and Outdoor DEpth Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.00463/) (2019)
- [DRAW: A Recurrent Neural Network For Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1502.04623/) (2015)
- [On the uncertainty of self-supervised monocular depth estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.06209/) (2020)
- [NeW CRFs: Neural Window Fully-connected CRFs for Monocular Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.01502/) (2022)
- [Self-supervised Sparse-to-Dense: Self-supervised Depth Completion from LiDAR and Monocular Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.00275/) (2018)
- [Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Monocular Depth Map Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.02706/) (2017)
- [Deep Convolutional Neural Fields for Depth Estimation from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.6387/) (2014)
- [ViP-DeepLab: Learning Visual Perception with Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.05258/) (2020)
- [SuperDepth: Self-Supervised, Super-Resolved Monocular Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.01849/) (2018)
- [Exploiting temporal consistency for real-time video depth estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.03706/) (2019)
- [The Newer College Dataset: Handheld LiDAR, Inertial and Vision with Ground Truth](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05691/) (2020)
- [Real-Time Joint Semantic Segmentation and Depth Estimation Using Asymmetric Annotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.04766/) (2018)
- [Recurrent Neural Network for (Un-)supervised Learning of Monocular VideoVisual Odometry and Depth](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.07087/) (2019)
- [ACDNet: Adaptively Combined Dilated Convolution for Monocular Panorama Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14440/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Deep Learning-based Depth Estimation Methods from Monocular Image and Videos: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19675/) (2024)
- [HQDec: Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation Based on a High-Quality Decoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18706/) (2023)
- [Endoscopic Depth Estimation Based on Deep Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.20881/) (2025)
- [Survey on Monocular Metric Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.11841/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Depth estimation is an important task, applied in various methods and applications of computer vision. While the traditional methods of estimating depth are based on depth cues and require specific equipment such as stereo cameras and configuring input according to the approach being used, the focus at the current time is on a single source, or monocular, depth estimation. The recent developments in Convolution Neural Networks along with the integration of classical methods in these deep learning approaches have led to a lot of advancements in the depth estimation problem. The problem of outdoor depth estimation, or depth estimation in wild, is a very scarcely researched field of study. In this paper, we give an overview of the available datasets, depth estimation methods, research work, trends, challenges, and opportunities that exist for open research. To our knowledge, no openly available survey work provides a comprehensive collection of outdoor depth estimation techniques and research scope, making our work an essential contribution for people looking to enter this field of study.