# High Efficiency Pedestrian Crossing Prediction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01862 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.01862/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 29 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4038/) (2014)
- [You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02640/) (2015)
- [MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04861/) (2017)
- [On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approaches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1259/) (2014)
- [SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model size](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.07360/) (2016)
- [An Overview of Multi-Task Learning in Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.05098/) (2017)
- [What is the State of Neural Network Pruning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.03033/) (2020)
- [Quantizing deep convolutional networks for efficient inference: A whitepaper](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.08342/) (2018)
- [ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.02147/) (2016)
- [A Survey on Methods and Theories of Quantized Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.04752/) (2018)
- [Trace Norm Regularised Deep Multi-Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.04038/) (2016)
- [Predicting Pedestrian Crossing Intention with Feature Fusion and Spatio-Temporal Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05485/) (2021)
- [Importance-Aware Semantic Segmentation in Self-Driving with Discrete Wasserstein Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.12440/) (2020)
- [Is the Pedestrian going to Cross? Answering by 2D Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.10580/) (2018)
- [A Bayesian/Information Theoretic Model of Bias Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.06129/) (2019)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Predicting pedestrian crossing intention is an indispensable aspect of deploying advanced driving systems (ADS) or advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) to real life. State-of-the-art methods in predicting pedestrian crossing intention often rely on multiple streams of information as inputs, each of which requires massive computational resources and heavy network architectures to generate. However, such reliance limits the practical application of the systems. In this paper, driven the the real-world demands of pedestrian crossing intention prediction models with both high efficiency and accuracy, we introduce a network with only frames of pedestrians as the input. Every component in the introduced network is driven by the goal of light weight. Specifically, we reduce the multi-source input dependency and employ light neural networks that are tailored for mobile devices. These smaller neural networks can fit into computer memory and can be transmitted over a computer network more easily, thus making them more suitable for real-life deployment and real-time prediction. To compensate the removal of the multi-source input, we enhance the network effectiveness by adopting a multi-task learning training, named "side task learning", to include multiple auxiliary tasks to jointly learn the feature extractor for improved robustness. Each head handles a specific task that potentially shares knowledge with other heads. In the meantime, the feature extractor is shared across all tasks to ensure the sharing of basic knowledge across all layers. The light weight but high efficiency characteristics of our model endow it the potential of being deployed on vehicle-based systems. Experiments validate that our model consistently delivers outstanding performances.