# Cyberbullying detection across social media platforms via platform-aware adversarial encoding

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00334 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.00334/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 26 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.05464/) (2017)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.07035/) (2017)
- [How to Fine-Tune BERT for Text Classification?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05583/) (2019)
- [Revisiting Batch Normalization For Practical Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.04779/) (2016)
- [Ex Machina: Personal Attacks Seen at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.08914/) (2016)
- [Towards generalisable hate speech detection: a review on obstacles and solutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08886/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning for Detecting Cyberbullying Across Multiple Social Media Platforms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.06482/) (2018)
- [Automatic Detection of Cyberbullying in Social Media Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.05617/) (2018)
- [Cyberbullying Detection in Social Networks Using Deep Learning Based Models; A Reproducibility Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08046/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Session-based Cyberbullying Detection in Social Media: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.10639/) (2022)
- [The Use of a Large Language Model for Cyberbullying Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04088/) (2024)
- [ID-XCB: Data-independent Debiasing for Fair and Accurate Transformer-based Cyberbullying Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.16458/) (2024)
- [Detecting harassment and defamation in cyberbullying with emotion-adaptive training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.16925/) (2025)
- [Will I Get Hate Speech Predicting the Volume of Abusive Replies before Posting in Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03005/) (2025)
- [Cyberbullying Detection via Aggression-Enhanced Prompting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.06360/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the increasing interest in cyberbullying detection, existing efforts have largely been limited to experiments on a single platform and their generalisability across different social media platforms have received less attention. We propose XP-CB, a novel cross-platform framework based on Transformers and adversarial learning. XP-CB can enhance a Transformer leveraging unlabelled data from the source and target platforms to come up with a common representation while preventing platform-specific training. To validate our proposed framework, we experiment on cyberbullying datasets from three different platforms through six cross-platform configurations, showing its effectiveness with both BERT and RoBERTa as the underlying Transformer models.