# Streaming Speaker-Attributed ASR with Token-Level Speaker Embeddings

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16685 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16685/

## Key facts

- Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 34 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.0473/) (2014)
- [Res2Net: A New Multi-scale Backbone Architecture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01169/) (2019)
- [Attention-Based Models for Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.07503/) (2015)
- [Transformer Transducer: A Streamable Speech Recognition Model with Transformer Encoders and RNN-T Loss](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.02562/) (2020)
- [CHiME-6 Challenge:Tackling Multispeaker Speech Recognition for Unsegmented Recordings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.09249/) (2020)
- [A Review of Speaker Diarization: Recent Advances with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.09624/) (2021)
- [Developing Real-time Streaming Transformer Transducer for Speech Recognition on Large-scale Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11395/) (2020)
- [The fifth 'CHiME' Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge: Dataset, task and baselines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.10609/) (2018)
- [Serialized Output Training for End-to-End Overlapped Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.12687/) (2020)
- [Continuous speech separation: dataset and analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.11482/) (2020)
- [End-to-end Continuous Speech Recognition using Attention-based Recurrent NN: First Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.1602/) (2014)
- [Speaker Recognition Based on Deep Learning: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.00931/) (2020)
- [Joint Speech Recognition and Speaker Diarization via Sequence Transduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.05337/) (2019)
- [MIMO-SPEECH: End-to-End Multi-Channel Multi-Speaker Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.06522/) (2019)
- [Joint Speaker Counting, Speech Recognition, and Speaker Identification for Overlapped Speech of Any Number of Speakers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10930/) (2020)
- [Streaming Multi-Talker ASR with Token-Level Serialized Output Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.00842/) (2022)
- [Auto-Tuning Spectral Clustering for Speaker Diarization Using Normalized Maximum Eigengap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02405/) (2020)
- [Continuous Speech Separation with Conformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.05773/) (2020)
- [Integration of speech separation, diarization, and recognition for multi-speaker meetings: System description, comparison, and analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.02014/) (2020)
- [End-to-End Speaker-Attributed ASR with Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02128/) (2021)
- [Recognizing Multi-talker Speech with Permutation Invariant Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.01985/) (2017)
- [A Purely End-to-end System for Multi-speaker Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.05826/) (2018)
- [Investigation of End-To-End Speaker-Attributed ASR for Continuous Multi-Talker Recordings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.04546/) (2020)
- [End-to-End Monaural Multi-speaker ASR System without Pretraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.02062/) (2018)
- [Advances in Online Audio-Visual Meeting Transcription](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04979/) (2019)
- [Speech Recognition and Multi-Speaker Diarization of Long Conversations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.08072/) (2020)
- [Transcribe-to-Diarize: Neural Speaker Diarization for Unlimited Number of Speakers using End-to-End Speaker-Attributed ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03151/) (2021)
- [Microsoft Speaker Diarization System for the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2020](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11458/) (2020)
- [Auxiliary Interference Speaker Loss for Target-Speaker Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.10876/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [DiarizationLM: Speaker Diarization Post-Processing with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.03506/) (2024)
- [One model to rule them all ? Towards End-to-End Joint Speaker Diarization and Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01688/) (2023)
- [Unified Modeling of Multi-Talker Overlapped Speech Recognition and Diarization with a Sidecar Separator](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16263/) (2023)
- [Serialized Speech Information Guidance with Overlapped Encoding Separation for Multi-Speaker Automatic Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00815/) (2024)
- [DiariST: Streaming Speech Translation with Speaker Diarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08007/) (2023)
- [Unifying Diarization, Separation, and ASR with Multi-Speaker Encoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20474/) (2025)
- [Alignment-Free Training for Transducer-based Multi-Talker ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.20301/) (2024)
- [MSA-ASR: Efficient Multilingual Speaker Attribution with frozen ASR Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.18152/) (2024)
- [Improving Speaker Assignment in Speaker-Attributed ASR for Real Meeting Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06570/) (2024)
- [Towards Word-Level End-to-End Neural Speaker Diarization with Auxiliary Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08489/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Speaker Diarization in Distributed IoT Networks Using Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10842/) (2024)
- [Enhancing Speech Emotion Recognition Leveraging Aligning Timestamps of ASR Transcripts and Speaker Diarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.19356/) (2025)
- [CALM: Joint Contextual Acoustic-Linguistic Modeling for Personalization of Multi-Speaker ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.22792/) (2026)
- [G-STAR: End-to-End Global Speaker-Tracking Attributed Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.10468/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a streaming speaker-attributed automatic speech recognition (SA-ASR) model that can recognize ``who spoke what'' with low latency even when multiple people are speaking simultaneously. Our model is based on token-level serialized output training (t-SOT) which was recently proposed to transcribe multi-talker speech in a streaming fashion. To further recognize speaker identities, we propose an encoder-decoder based speaker embedding extractor that can estimate a speaker representation for each recognized token not only from non-overlapping speech but also from overlapping speech. The proposed speaker embedding, named t-vector, is extracted synchronously with the t-SOT ASR model, enabling joint execution of speaker identification (SID) or speaker diarization (SD) with the multi-talker transcription with low latency. We evaluate the proposed model for a joint task of ASR and SID/SD by using LibriSpeechMix and LibriCSS corpora. The proposed model achieves substantially better accuracy than a prior streaming model and shows comparable or sometimes even superior results to the state-of-the-art offline SA-ASR model.